江陵九店东周墓地分析

On the Analysis of the Jiudian Cemetery of the Eastern Zhou Period in Jiangling

江陵九店墓地是东周时期一处由多个人群(或家族)共同埋葬的公共墓地。甲组墓中多随葬磨光黑陶器不见陶鬲,墓主为春秋早中期楚势力进入以前当地土著人群,内部包含若干分支,春秋晚期以后完全楚化或为楚所灭。乙组墓中可见相同的楚文化传统,春秋晚期开始出现在九店墓地。根据空白地带、墓向、墓位排列方式可将其划分为若干小区。社会基层组织以血缘关系为主导,但亦呈现出地缘化趋势。此外九店墓地甲、乙组人群不同的发展脉络亦反映出东周时期楚国势力在江汉地区的兴衰变迁历程。

The Jiudian cemetery is a public cemetery that was occupied by multiple lineages during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.This paper presents an analysis of burials belonging to these different lineages based on their material remains,and divides all the burials into two groups.Group A tombs often contained polished black pottery without li tripods.The owners might have belonged to the local communities comprising of several branches that started to live in the region from the Early and Middle Spring-and-Autumn period,predating the emergence of the Chu state.After the Late Spring-and-Autumn period,this group was completely assimilated or replaced by Chu.Group B tombs show a typical Chu cultural tradition in terms of the burial structure and burial goods,and began to appear from the Late Spring-and-Autumn period onward.According to the potential boundary represented by empty place in the cemetery,tomb orientation,and the layout of burials,the author suggests that this group could be further divided into several zones.And the social organization of those tomb owners were tied by their blood relationship as well as the socio-geographic one.In addition,the different development processes represented by Group A and Group B tombs at the Jiudian cemetery also reflect the wax and wane of the Chu power in the Jianghan region during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.