山东邹城邾国故城西岗墓地一号战国墓茶叶遗存分析

On the Residue of Tea Leaves in the Warring States Tomb(No.M1)at the Xigang Cemetery in the Capital City of the Zhu State in Zoucheng,Shandong

本研究采用红外光谱(FTIR)、气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)、热辅助水解甲基化裂解气相色谱质谱(THM-Py-GC-MS)对山东邹城邾国故城西岗墓地一号战国墓出土原始瓷碗中残留茶叶样品进行检测分析,证实为煮(泡)之后留下的茶渣,将茶文化起源的实物证据向前推了300多年,提前到战国早期偏早阶段。这是目前世界上首次发现的煮(泡)过的茶叶残渣,为研究茶的早期起源、利用、传播,及其在地域文化交流中的作用、万里茶路研究和"申遗"等问题提供了新材料。

A teacup containing residue that was potentially related to tea leaves has been found in an Early Warring States Cemetery in Zouchen,Shandong.The identification of the residue is important for understanding the origin of tea and tea drinking culture in ancient China.Scientific investigations of the residue were carried out by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer(GC-MS)and thermally assisted hydrolysis-methylation Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(THM-Py-GC-MS)techniques.Modern tea and modern tea residue were also used as reference samples.The infrared spectra of the archaeological sample has been found to be similar to the modern tea residue reference sample.The Biomarker compound of tea–caffeine–was also detected in the archaeological residue and the reference samples by THM-Py-GC-MS analysis.Through GC-MS analysis,several compounds were found both in the archeological sample and the modern tea residue reference samples.The analysis results revealed that the residue in the cup belongs to the remain of tea leaves after they were being soaked,which serve as supportive evidence of the tea-drinking activity during the Warring States period.This might be considered the earliest evidence of tea drinking activity in the world.