墓葬壁画胶结材料的探讨分析

Analysis of the Binding Medium for Mural Paintings in Burials

胶结材料不仅对稳定墓葬壁画结构、形成颜色起着关键作用,而且是壁画制作材料、工艺研究的重要组成部分。因其成分复杂、降解明显、含量极低,一直是国内外壁画分析保护的热点和难点。本文以我国几处不同时代、地域的典型墓葬壁画作为研究对象,运用成熟的GC-MS分析技术发现杨桥畔东汉墓、韩休唐墓壁画的颜料层均采用了桐油作胶结材料,湖南明墓壁画地仗层不仅添加有桐油,还存在有淀粉。基于上述实验结果,探讨了桐油、淀粉作为墓葬壁画胶结物的科学合理性。本研究丰富、扩宽了研究者对我国墓葬壁画胶结材料的认知,为壁画制作工艺、劣化机理、保护修复材料选择等研究奠定了科学基础。

Binding medium plays a key role in stabilizing the structure of mural paintings and presenting the colors of pigments.Thus,it is an important part in the study of manufacturing materials and techniques in ancient China.Due to its complicated chemical components,continuous degradation occurred during the depositional process,and extremely low amount in current preserved status,the analysis of appropriate materials has recently become a hotly debated topic.In this paper,samples of mural paintings of different dynasties and from various regions were collected and analyzed with GC-MS.The results illustrated a diachronic pattern.Based on the analysis,it can be confirmed that tung oil(China wood oil)was used in the painting layer of the samples from Yangqiaopan tomb(East Han Dynasty)and Hanxiu tomb(Tang Dynasty),whereas tung oil and starch were both used in the ground layer of the sample from a Ming Dynasty tomb in Hunan.Based on these discussions,the scientific methods of using tung oil and starch as binders in mural paintings were investigated.This research enhances our knowledge of binding media used in mural paintings in China,and lays a solid scientific foundation for further studies of manufacturing techniques,degradation mechanism,and proper conservation materials.