美军战时征用民商卫星模式研究

Study on the US military requisition mechanism of civil and commercial satellites

美军战时征用历经不同发展阶段,从一战时期对汽车、舟船等运力征用,到二战时期对民用飞机运力征用等等,其征用对象根据技术发展水平和战争需求也不断变化。美国国防能力建设在征用飞机和舰船方面已经具有成熟经验,并得到战争检验,在航天领域也开展了相关的论证和思考,并根据航天领域的特殊性,以商业服务采购的形式实现了民商卫星补充国防能力的目的。研究分析美军战时征用民商卫星的相关模式及实践,结合我国国情提出相关思考。

US military requisition mechanism experienced several stages,including civil cars and ships requisition during World War One,civil airplanes requisition during World War Two.The military requisition object changed together with the technology development and the warfare needs.US established the effective military requisition mechanism of civil/commercial satellites,and attempted to demonstrate the feasibility of military requisition on satellites.US Air Force designed the CRIF mechanism,and finally established the commercial satellite service acquisition mechanism.This paper analyzed the US military requisition mechanism of civil and commercial satellites,and studied the commercial satellite service acquisition mechanism.On the basis,some suggestions are given.