水产养殖环境中抗生素抗性基因的研究进展

Research progress on the occurrence and influencing factors of antibiotic resistance genes in aquaculture environment

为摸清我国水产养殖环境抗生素抗性基因(Antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)污染状况,统计了当前水产养殖环境水、沉积物和养殖对象中七大类抗性基因的赋存状况,进一步分析了影响其赋存的因素,对未来我国水产养殖ARGs污染研究进行了展望.水产养殖环境中ARGs主要以iDNA形式存在;磺胺类和四环素类抗性基因的丰度和检出率较高,被认为是水产养殖环境主要的ARGs,已受到当前研究的广泛关注;而喹诺酮类、氯霉素类、β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类和氨基糖苷类抗性基因报道的丰度和检出率相对较低.养殖过程中,养殖用药、饲料及养殖模式是影响水产养殖环境ARGs赋存的主要因素,但环境理化因子调节养殖环境ARGs的作用也不容忽视.

It is important to clarify the contamination status of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in the aquaculture environment in China.In this paper,the current status of the occurrence of seven major classes of resistance genes in aquaculture environmental water,sediment and aquatic products was counted.The factors influencing their occurrence were further analyzed.The future research on the pollution of ARGs in aquaculture in China was prospected.ARGs in the aquaculture environment are mainly in the form of iDNA.Sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance genes are considered to be the major ARGs in aquaculture environments due to their high abundance and detection rates,while the abundance and detection rate of quinolones,chloramphenicol,β-lactams,macrolides and aminoglycosides resistance genes are reported to be relatively low.In the process of aquaculture,aquaculture drugs,feed and culture mode are the main factors affecting the occurrence of ARGs in aquaculture environment,but the role of environmental physical and chemical factors in regulating ARGs in aquaculture environment cannot be ignored.