关于气体分子动理论中基本问题所用假设条件的讨论

Discussion on the Assumptions Used in the Basic Problems of Gas Molecular Motion Theory

气体分子动理论是以气体热现象和热运动为主要研究对象的经典微观统计理论,在揭示气体宏观热学性质和过程的微观本质讨论中用到较多假设条件,但对所提出的假设条件进行合理而详细的解释较少,也存在一些不完备的问题。首先,文章对一般教材中气体分子动理论相关问题中所提出的6个假设进行了修正,新增了2个必要假设条件,并给出增删和修改假设的依据,使假设条件更加科学合理;其次,将假设条件应用于理想气体压强公式的推导过程,通过宏观量与微观量平均值的关系进一步成功印证了微观模型建立的正确性;最后对存在的不严密的科学问题进行了详细的说明和补充,使得假设条件更加严谨、科学,便于学生理解和掌握。

The theory of gas dynamics is a classical microstatistical theory,which mainly studies the thermal phenomena and thermal motion of gas.Many assumptions are used in the discussion of revealing the microcosmic na-ture of the macroscopic thermal properties and processes of gas.However,there are few reasonable and detailed ex-planations of the hypothesis conditions,and there are still some incomplete problems in the hypothesis conditions.Firstly,in this paper,the author revises the six hypotheses put forward in the problems related to kinetic theory,adds two necessary hypotheses,and gives the basis for adding,deleting and modifying these hypotheses,which makes the hypothesis conditions more scientific and reasonable.Secondly,the hypothesis condition is applied to the derivation of the ideal gas pressure formula,and the correctness of the microscopic model is verified by the relationship be-tween the macroscopic quantity and the average value of microscopic quantity.At last,it explains and supplements the inexact scientific problems in detail,which makes the hypothesis condition more rigorous and scientific,easy for students to understand and grasp.