锡林郭勒盟南部典型农牧区乡村聚落时空演变对比研究——以多伦县和正蓝旗为例

Comparative Study on the Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Rural Settlements in Typical Farming and Pastoral Areas in Southern Xilinguole——Take Duolun County and Zhenglan Banner as an Example

选取锡林郭勒盟南部的多伦县和正蓝旗为研究区,采用平均最近邻指数、核密度、空间热点探测分析等方法,从聚落数量、规模、空间分布、影响因素等方面,对比分析1990—2018年锡林郭勒盟农牧区乡村聚落时空演变差异性。研究结果表明:(1)农区聚落斑块数量多于牧区,且农区聚落斑块数量增长趋势显著。(2)农区聚落斑块面积、平均斑块面积、最大斑块指数均大于牧区;农区小型聚落的数量和面积占比较大,牧区大型聚落的扩展速度较快;农牧区乡村聚落均为低值集聚且农区聚落规模差异比牧区更加显著。(3)农区最邻近指数逐渐减小,牧区最邻近指数逐渐变大;农区乡村聚落分布密集,牧区乡村聚落分布稀疏。(4)交通因素对农区聚落的作用效果更加明显;城镇化因素对牧区聚落的辐射带动作用更复杂;地形条件和经济发展对引起农牧区乡村聚落分布差异的影响较小;人口是导致农牧区乡村聚落分布差异的重要因素。

Take Duolun County and Zhenglan Banner in the southern part of Xilinguole as the research area,and use the average nearest neighbor index,nuclear density,and spatial hot spot detection and analysis methods to compare and analyze the number of settlements,scale,spatial distribution,and influencing factors.Differences in the temporal and spatial evolution of rural settlements in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Xilinguole from 1990 to 2018.The study results show that:(1)There are more settlement patches in agricultural areas than in pastoral areas,and there is a significant increase in the number of settlement patches in agricultural areas.(2)The patch area,average patch area,and maximum patch index of rural settlements are larger than those of pastoral areas;the number and area of small-scale settlements in agricultural areas are relatively large,and large-scale settlements in pastoral areas expand faster;rural settlements in agricultural and pastoral areas are all Low-value agglomerations and the difference in the scale of settlements in agricultural areas are more significant than in pastoral areas.(3)The nearest neighbor index in agricultural areas gradually decreases,and the nearest neighbor index in pastoral areas gradually increases;the density of rural settlements in agricultural areas is densely distributed,and rural settlements in pastoral areas are sparsely distributed.(4)Traffic factors have more obvious effects on settlements in agricultural areas;urbanization factors have more complex radiation and driving effects on settlements in pastoral areas;topographical conditions and economic development have less impact on the distribution of rural settlements in agricultural and pastoral areas;population is the cause of agriculture An important factor in the distribution of rural settlements in pastoral areas.