桥梁还是陷阱:非标准就业的转换结果研究

Bridges or Traps?Research on Transition Results of Non-Standard Employment

伴随劳动力市场特别是数字经济的进一步发展,非标准就业的规模愈发壮大,影响愈发显著。与此同时,非标准就业的本质特征也决定了其诸多劣势仍然存在。非标准就业对于劳动者就业发展产生的影响是本文研究的主要内容。本文通过劳动调查数据并结合报告数据,以转换作为主要指标,对于我国非标准就业在劳动者职业生涯中扮演“桥梁”或者“陷阱”的作用进行分析,并就影响因素以及结果改变进行深入探讨。研究发现:劳动者通过非标准就业实现了向标准就业转换的比例仅有5%左右,应该说,我国非标准就业在劳动者职业生涯中扮演的作用更符合“陷阱说”。但同时,传统非标准就业向新就业形态的转换会有效增加劳动者工资,故新就业形态提供了非标准就业内部转换的“第三条发展道路”。

The influence of non-standard employment on the employment development of workers is the main content of this paper.Based on the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey and some report data,this paper takes transition as the main index,and discusses the role of non-standard employment as a“bridge”or“trap”in the career of workers,as well as the influencing factors and result differences.The study finds that only 5 percent of workers have shifted to standard employment through non-standard employment.On the whole,non-standard employment is more in line with the“trap theory”.But at the same time,the transition from traditional non-standard employment to new employment form will effectively increase the wages of workers,so the new employment form provides the“third development path”for the internal transition of non-standard employment.