基于LCA与景观视觉敏感度评价的昆明市晋宁彝族传统村落景观特征研究

Research on Landscape Characters of Jinning Yi-peoples′Ethnic Villages in Kunming Based on LCA and Landscape Visual Sensitivity Evaluation

以晋宁区10个彝族传统村落为研究对象,基于LCA理论和景观视觉敏感度评价理论,用GIS空间分析法和层次分析法(AHP)将彝族传统村落景观特征进行系统分类。结果表明,晋宁区彝族传统村落可划分为山腰条带高敏感型村落、台地团簇中敏感型村落、山腰条带中敏感型村落、山谷栅格中敏感型村落、山腰条带低敏感型村落和山谷栅格低敏感型村落等6种景观特征类型。其中:山腰条带高敏感型村落,具备丰富的景观层次和高视觉敏感度,可结合村落周围的山地梯田开展传统村落观光活动来提供村落一部分经济收入;台地团簇中敏感型村落,具备近田远林景观和中视觉敏感度,可在保护和利用农田景观特征基础上开展相应的农业及种植业体验活动;山腰条带中敏感型村落,具有良好的梯田景观和中视觉敏感度,可开发建设观景平台及梯田灌溉设施来满足村落深度体验的需求;山谷栅格中敏感型村落,具备良好的林地景观和中视觉敏感度,可建设一定程度的林地体验设施;山腰条带低敏感型村落和山谷栅格低敏感型村落,处于低敏感区,可结合村落地域资源发展相应的经济产业形成不同的产业景观特征等。对昆明近郊彝族传统村落的景观特征进行分类和评价,为类似地区传统村落景观特征的保护及村落发展建设提供了理论依据,也为民族传统村落振兴经济拓展了思路。

With 10 Yi-peoples′ethnic villages in Jinning district as the research subjects.The landscape characters of Yi-peoples′ethnic villages were systematically classified based on the theory of LCA and visual sensitivity evaluation and through the method of GIS spatial analysis and analytic hierarchy process(AHP).The Yi people′s ethnic villages can be divided into 6 kinds based on their own landscape characters in Jinning District.Highly sensitive villages at the hillside,they have rich landscape levels and high visual sensitivity,which can be combined with the mountain terraces around the villages to carry out traditional village tourism activities to provide part of the village′s economic income;platform cluster middle sensitive villages,the villages surrounded by tableland and high hills with middle visual sensitivity could increase the types of agricultural and planting experience activities;middle sensitive villages at the hillside,the villages on the hillside which are rich in terraced fields with middle visual sensitivity could build several viewing platforms to serve the needs of depth experience and could building more Water Saving Irrigation Facilities;valley grid middle sensitive villages,the villages laid over the valley which are full of the forest landscape with middle visual sensitivity could build the forest experiencing equipment to attract more visitors;low sensitive villages at the hillside and low sensitive villages in valley grids,the villages with low visual sensitivity rely on the terrace and forest,they could combine with the resources of the village landing area to form different industrial landscape characteristics.This study explores and classifies the landscape characters of Yi-peoples′ethnic villages in the suburbs of Kunming,thus providing a scientific basis for the protection and development of traditional villages,and expands the perspectives for the revitalization of the traditional villages of ethnic minorities.