利益视角下企业数据利用行为正当性标准构建研究

THE CONSTRUCTION OF ENTERPRISE DATA USING BEHAVIORAL RULES-A NEW PATH FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERESTS

大数据时代,数据成为重要的生产要素,企业数据的利用和竞争也愈加激烈,亟须法律保护。从利益形态看,企业数据呈现相互重合叠加的利益形态,这使得企业数据的保护不仅关系企业自身的经济利益,还可能关系人格、社会及公共利益。从流动性看,企业数据则呈现高度的动态特性,应用场景变化快。这些数据与物的不同之处,导致为企业数据赋权非常复杂。从经济学上看,企业数据赋权面临着收益不确定问题,甚至还可能有负面效应,以行为规制方式保护企业数据则相对可行。司法机关在以反不正当竞争法规制数据利用行为从而实现对企业数据的保护上仍存在着行为正当标准不明、局限性较强等问题。要想有效保护企业数据方面的利益,亟须构建清晰统一的行为标准。基于企业数据的利益叠加性,利用行为规则的构建更适合秉承利益平衡理念,对不同利益形态的企业数据分类,采用不同的行为正当标准,以实现保护企业利益的同时,促进社会利益最大化,从而更好地释放数据价值,促进数据经济发展。

In the era of big data,data has become an important factor of production,and the utilization and competition of enterprise data are becoming more and more intense,which urgently needs legal protection.From the perspective of interest form,enterprise data presents an interest form of the overlapping superposition,which makes the protection of enterprise data related not only to the enterprise′s own economic interests,but also to personality,society and public interests.From the perspective of liquidity,enterprise data presents highly dynamic characteristics,and the application scenarios change rapidly.These differences from things lead to the extremely complexity of the weighting of enterprise data.In addition,from the perspective of economics,the weighting of enterprise data faces the problem of income uncertainty,and may even have negative effects.It is relatively feasible to protect enterprise data by behavioral regulation mode.but,the Judiciary authorities still have some problems,such as unclear standards of legitimacy and strong limitations,in regulating data utilization behavior by Anti-Unfair Competition Law to realize the protection of enterprise data.It is urgent to build clear and unified standards of behavior in order to effectively protect the interests of enterprise data.Based on the interest superposition of enterprise data,the construction of behavior rules is more suitable for adhering to the concept of interest balance,classifying enterprise data with different interest forms,and adopting different legitimate standards of behavior in order to protect enterprise interests and achieve the optimization of social interests,so as to preferably release data value and promote the development of data economy.