梁漱溟的新礼俗思想:一种儒家式现代化治理模式

Liang Shuming's New Etiquette and Custom Thought:A Confucian Modern Governance Model

梁漱溟的新礼俗思想是现代新儒家学者对构建儒家式现代化治理模式所作的一种探索。新礼俗的设计理念继承了传统乡约的宗旨与内容,同时吸收了西方文化中的团体、科学精神以及经儒家思想改造过的民主模式。新礼俗的具体组织机制被称为乡农学校和乡学村学。它们是一种寓政于教、政教合一的组织。由于新礼俗思想重视农民合作之文化和组织条件的培育,新礼俗的建立与运行为山东乡村建设运动成果的取得奠定了基础。不过,因新礼俗思想忽视了对乡村建设活动所处的较大政治系统的改造,再加上新礼俗思想中有关民意表达和权力监督的理念和制度安排存在很大缺陷,乡村建设运动中也出现了一些与新礼俗宗旨背道而驰的现象。

Liang Shuming's new etiquette and custom thought is a kind of exploration made by modern neo-confucian scholar to build a confucian-style modern governance model.The design concept of the new etiquette and custom inherited the purpose and content of the traditional rural treaty,while absorbing the group consciousness and scientific spirit in Western culture and the democratic model transformed by confucianism.The specific organization mechanism of new etiquette and custom is called rural peasant schools and township and village schools.They are an organization that combines politics with education and the integration of politics and religion.As the new etiquette and custom thought attaches great importance to the cultivation of the culture of farmers'cooperation and organizational conditions,the establishment and operation of the new etiquette and custom laid the foundation for the achievement of the rural construction movement in Shandong.However,because the new etiquette and custom thought neglects the transformation of the larger political system in which rural construction activities are located,and the ideas and institutional arrangements related to the expression of public opinion and power supervision in the new etiquette and custom thought are very flawed,the rural construction movement also appeared many phenomena that run counter to the purpose of the new etiquette and custom.