尼布楚谈判中徐日升、张诚的历史形象变迁

The Historical Image Changes of Xu Risheng and Zhang Cheng in the Negotiation of Nerchinsk

徐日升、张诚是清史中较为著名的外籍耶稣会士,曾随清人一同代表清廷参与了1689年清俄双方的尼布楚谈判,发挥了促进作用。首先,二人在语言方面使信息的交流得以畅通;其次,在文化方面推动了清俄双方的互信与了解;再次,他们还缓和了在谈判过程中两国之间所产生的矛盾与冲突;最终,促成了《尼布楚条约》的签订。条约初订之时,两国统治者对徐、张二人的评价是较为积极和肯定的。但在此后的某一历史时期,曾出现过消极、否定的评价,被俄方称作“谈判中的破坏者”,被中方描绘为“俄国安插的棋子”。

Xu Risheng and Zhang Cheng were well-known foreign Jesuits in the history of the Qing Dynasty.They participated in the negotiation of the Treaty of Nerchinsk between the Qing Empire and Russia in 1689 on behalf of the Qing Empire and played a promoting role.First,in terms of language,the communication of information can be unblocked.Secondly,in terms of culture,they promoted the mutual trust and understanding between Qing Empire and Russia.In addition,they also eased the contradictions and conflicts between the two countries during the negotiation process.Finally,they contributed to the signing of the Treaty of Nerchinsk.When the Treaty was signed,the rulers of the two countries evaluated Xu and Zhang positively.However,in a certain historical period since then,there have been negative evaluations.They have been called“saboteurs in negotiations”by Russia and described by China as“chess pieces placed by Russia”.