西方地缘政治视角下北极地区研究进展与展望

Progress and Prospects ofWestern Geopolitical Research in the Arctic Region

北极地区历来是相关涉域国家博弈的战略高地。特别是21世纪以来气候变化的影响愈发显著,高度敏感的北极地区正在经历海冰的加速消融,掀起地缘政治学科对其的研究热潮。文章通过梳理WebofScience核心合集数据库中98篇北极地缘政治文献,归纳了西方地缘政治视角下的北极研究发展脉络、视角转向和热点议题,并展望未来北极地缘政治研究的发展趋势。结果发现:1)西方学界对北极地缘政治的研究领域广泛,主题丰富,研究规模总体上呈现波动增长态势;2)西方的北极地缘政治研究涵盖了古典、批判、流行、女性主义等多元地缘政治视角,研究内容以政治、经济为主,地缘政治文化研究相对匮乏;3)地缘政治、经济、文化视角的交叉融合趋势愈发明显;4)未来北极地区地缘政治研究将在理论框架研究、跨学科研究和情感文化等非物质领域产生新的研究思路与方向。

As the melting of Arctic Sea ice because of global warming creates new shipping routes and energy resources,the post-Cold War peace and stability of the Arctic has been shattered.It has once again become a strategic location for multinational rivalries,attracting widespread attention in international geopolitical circles.Compared to other regions of the world,studying the Arctic region from a Western geopolitical perspective is at the forefront of international research.Although China,as a near-Arctic country,has developed geopolitical research on the Arctic in response to its practical needs,domestic research in this field started late,with room for improvement in its breadth and depth.Therefore,98 papers in the Web of Science core database that are highly relevant to Arctic geopolitics are selected as the object of the study.Through a literature review,we summarize the development of Arctic research from a Western geopolitical perspective,and the shift in perspective and hot topics;we adopt a forward-looking perspective of future research development trends to provide reference for innovative research in this field in China.The results reveal the following:(1)Research on the geopolitics of the Arctic has been conducted in a wide range of fields and topics in Western academia,with some correlation among the topics,although the links among the studies are not strong,and the research scale generally shows a fluctuating growth trend.(2)The research content,composed of six major fields(boundary and territorial politics,Arctic shipping routes,Arctic resource development,Arctic geo-strategy,Arctic security and governance,and indigenous population issues),focus on politics and economics but is lack of cultural research.(3)Under the influence of aesthetic humanism and the"cultural and institutional turn,"the trend in the cross-fertilization of geopolitical,geo-economic,and geo-cultural perspectives has increasingly become more obvious.(4)Research on the Arctic from a geopolitical perspective has been relatively fruitful,although there remain shortcomings in the depth of theoretical research,breadth of research scale,diversity of research methods,and geo-economic and geo-cultural research paradigms,which require further development.Future research will generate new ideas and directions in immaterial areas such as theoretical framework studies,interdisciplinary studies,and emotional culture,and will focus more on the role of multiple actors,such as indigenous peoples and NGOs,in geopolitical knowledge production and power competition.