野化培训大熊猫的生境利用和空间格局

Habitat utilization and spatial patterns of pre-released giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

了解动物栖息地和空间利用模式是开展野生动物放归自然的重要前提。为明确野化培训大熊猫(Ailuropo⁃da melanoleuca)在野外环境中生境利用特征和空间格局,本文以2只野化培训大熊猫为研究对象,基于其野外GPS项圈数据,通过数字高程模型(DEM)、动物移动模块等工具分析其在野外环境中栖息地利用状况。结果表明:随着在野外环境时间的增加,2只大熊猫由低海拔西南坡的阔叶林逐渐向高海拔南坡针阔混交林区域移动,且坡度利用也存在明显的差异,但均偏向在17°~20°的平缓区域活动。在野外环境的最初一个月,2只大熊猫平均日移动距离较大,之后逐渐减小并趋于稳定。2只野化培训大熊猫在野外环境初期,活动区域大小随时间的变化而呈现出无规律的变化趋势,活动区域主要集中在3~4个栖息地斑块,且斑块间面积和距离各异。因此,认为野化培训大熊猫在野外栖息地环境初期属于不稳定的随机选择模式。

Understanding the habitat and space utilization patterns of wildlife provides a foundation for designing effective strategies for successful conservation translocations.To clarify these patterns in captive born giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)being prepared for the wild,the movement data of two pre-released individuals with GPS collars were studied in the Liziping National Nature Reserve.The GPS data were extracted and calculated using animal movement module in the geographic information system(GIS)through a digital elevation model(DEM).We found the following results:the two giant pandas gradually migrated from the broad-leaved forest on the southwest slopes of low altitude areas to the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests on the high altitude southern slopes.There were significant differences in the slope selection of the two giant pandas,but both of them tended to choose the gentle areas with a slope of 17°−20°.The average daily movement distance of the two giant pandas gradually decreased through the study,then stabilized with time spent in the wild habitat.Their home ranges were also significantly different both within any given month and throughout the study duration.Both individuals had several primary use patches of varied areas and distances between each site,which indicated that the pre-released giant pandas had an unstable random selection mode in the initial stage of acclimation to the wild habitat.