新中国成立以来城乡关系的演变历程与未来展望

The Evolution and Prospect of Urban-Rural Relations in China Since the Founding of PRC

从背景、时代环境、经济发展出发,还原城乡关系的演变历程,形成逻辑一致的理论框架,对新中国成立以来城乡关系进行总结。70多年来中国城乡关系历经“对立”→“趋好”→“统筹”→“融合”四大阶段。城乡关系演变贯穿其中的发展规律如下:宏观环境是直接影响因素;中央政府基于宏观环境变化选择相应的国家战略目标,指导经济社会发展;在目标的指引下逐步建立完善了以产业结构调整、要素配置、公共资源分配为主要内容的制度体系,推动城乡关系战略实施,进而推动城乡关系变化。顶层设计以及系统实践促使中国城乡关系经历深刻变革并得到极大改善,但城乡二元结构没有得到根本性破除,城乡差距从经济领域向社会领域延伸,出现新的趋势和特征。据此,新时期,解决城乡关系出现的问题,推进城乡融合发展,要在推动城乡产业融合、要素流动、公共服务均等化、农民增收等方面有所作为。

The study of China’s urban-rural relations in the past 70years should be based on broader background,the environment of the times and economic development to restore the development of urban-rural relations and form a logically consistent theoretical framework.After the founding of People’s Republic of China,under the three national strategies of establishing a country,enriching the people and strengthening the country,China’s urban-rural relationship has undergone four stages:“confrontation”,“convergence”,“integration”and“fusion”.The top-level design and systematic practice has led to profound changes and great improvement of China’s urban-rural relationship,but the urban-rural dual structure has not been fundamentally broken and the urban-rural gap has extended from the economic to the social sphere with new trends and characteristics.Accordingly,to solve the problems in the current urban-rural relationship and boost the integrated development of urban and rural areas in China,we should endeavor to promote integration of urban and rural industries,encourage the flow of factors between urban and rural,improve the equalization of public services and increase farmers’income.