论马克思劳动理论的生态审美意蕴

On the Ecological Aesthetic Consciousness of Marx’s Labor Theory

在马克思的思想论域下,劳动作为人类最本质的生存方式和人类历史发展进步的基本动力,是历史唯物主义所关注的核心论题。因而在当代马克思主义生态思想的构建过程中,连接人与自然的中介——"劳动"是极其重要的研究维度。马克思劳动理论中关于"劳动创造美"和"美的规律"的相关论述,蕴含着丰富而深刻的生态审美意蕴。这一理论从人与自然关系连接的中介——人的劳动实践出发,倡导的是人与自然和谐共生、永续发展的"自然之美"和"人性之美"的统一。其具体表现为"美的规律""自由劳动"及"人的本质"的经典"三位一体"架构:劳动是建构人与自然生态审美关系的现实中介;自由劳动是生成人与自然之间"自然之美"的必要条件;"美的规律"是马克思劳动理论生态审美意蕴的内在尺度。科学阐释马克思劳动理论中的生态审美意蕴,不仅对于我们深刻理解马克思生态思想的历史唯物主义基础、捍卫历史唯物主义劳动理论的生态性具有重要理论意义;而且对于推动实践主体向生态人性的复归、培育与生态文明相适应的"真善美"道德意识和生态价值观具有重要现实意义。

In the field of Marx’s thought,labor,as the most essential way of human existence and the basic driving force of human historical development and progress,is the core topic concerned by historical materialism.Therefore,in the construction process of contemporary Marxist ecological thought,"labor",the intermediary connection between man and nature,is an extremely important research dimension.The related exposition of"labor creates beauty"and"the law of beauty"in Marx’s labor theory contains rich and profound ecological aesthetic meaning.Starting from human labor practice,this theory advocates the unity of"natural beauty"and"human nature beauty"of harmonious coexistence and sustainable development between man and nature.It is embodied in the classic"Trinity"structure of"the law of beauty","free labor"and"human essence":labor is the realistic intermediary that constructs the aesthetic relationship between man and natural ecology;Free labor is an indispensable condition for the generation of"natural beauty"between man and nature;"The law of beauty"is the internal scale of the ecological aesthetic implication of Marx’s labor theory.Scientific interpretation of the ecological aesthetic implication in Marx’s labor theory is not only of great theoretical significance for us to deeply understand the historical materialism basis of Marx’s ecological thought and defend the ecology of historical materialism labor theory;Moreover,it is of great practical significance to promote the return of the practice subject to ecological humanity and cultivate the moral consciousness and ecological values of"truth,goodness and beauty"consistent with ecological civilization.