高校劳动教育价值取向的百年嬗变:教育方针与政策的视角

The Century-long Transmutation of the Value Orientation of Labor Education in Colleges and Universities:From the Perspective of Educational Policy

劳动教育是中国新时代教育的重要组成部分。文章将建党百年来中国共产党关于高校劳动教育的方针与政策作为研究对象,对其中关于劳动教育的目标、内容、实施和评价等方面进行梳理,揭示了建党百年来中国高校劳动教育价值取向变迁的五个主要历史阶段,表现出以下特征:从教育的内涵而言,表现出从狭义的“小劳育”再到促进人的全面发展的“大劳育”的过程;在教育的功能定位上,经历了从培育大学生生产劳动技能提升到劳动素养培育的功能定位;就教育立场来看,经历了从社会本位、政治本位,再到个人、社会和国家发展并重的全面育人取向。高校劳动教育价值取向百年嬗变给高校的启示:超越劳动技能培育为主的“小劳育”,走向关注劳动素养的“大劳育”;超越高校单一劳动课程,形成立体化、全方位高校劳动教育协同育人格局;超越“专长”的技术教育,构建“以人为本”的高校劳动教育价值体系。

Labor education is an important part of our education of new era in China.Taking the labor education policies in colleges and universities since the founding of the Communist Party of China as the research object,this article reveals the five main historical stages in the transmutation of value orientation of labor education in colleges and universities in China from aspects of goal,content,implementation and evaluation of labor education.The value development of labor education in colleges and universities mainly shows the following characteristics:in terms of the connotation of education,it shows the process from the narrow sense of"small-scale labor education"to"big-scale labor education";in terms of the function orientation of education,it has experienced the change from cultivating students’productive labor skills to cultivating their labor quality;from the standpoint of education,it has experienced the change from the social and political orientation to an integration of individual,social and national orientation.The century-long transmutation of the value orientation of labor education in colleges and universities gives us these revelations:it is necessary to go beyond the"small-scale labor education"focusing on labor skill cultivation to embrace the"big-scale labor education"focusing on labor literacy;it is necessary to go beyond the school’s single labor curriculum to form a three-dimensional,all-round education pattern;it is also necessary to go beyond the"specialty"technical education and construct a"people-oriented"value system.