论民事诉讼中应诉管辖制度重构

On the Reconstruction of Pleading Jurisdiction System in Civil Procedure Law

在立案登记制改革背景下,立法上起诉要件和诉讼要件的混同使得管辖权前置性审查至今存在,应诉管辖制度得以在极有限的空间内适用。基于推定合意管辖解释模式,应诉管辖的启动应当以确保当事人的程序选择权为前提。然而,具体法规范缺失的应诉管辖制度可能演变为部分法院追求权力寻租的工具;部分原告为寻求管辖利益而故意向无管辖权法院提起诉讼,或使用诱骗方法促成应诉管辖的强制适用;部分被告为拖延诉讼进程滥用管辖权异议。应诉管辖制度的司法适用乱象严重背离了减轻当事人讼累、提高诉讼效率的制度趣旨,亟待通过中德比较法分析路径,修正立案审查程序、完善法官告知制度并明确具体的适用规则,以使我国应诉管辖制度“重获新生”。

In the context of the registration system reform,the confusion of precondition and litigation in legislation has made the pre-examination of jurisdiction exist so far,which restricts the application of the pleading jurisdictions.Based on the interpretation mode of constructive Consensual Jurisdiction,the start of response jurisdiction should be based on ensuring the authority of the parties procedural choice.However,the pleading jurisdiction system with serious shortages of applicable rules may evolve into a tool for some courts to make exorbitant profits.Some plaintiffs deliberately file a lawsuit in the court without jurisdiction to seek jurisdictional benefits,or use deceptive means to facilitate the compulsory application of the pleading jurisdiction.Some defendants abuse their authority to delay the proceedings.As the realistic difficulties run contrary to the legislative purpose,which contains the spirit of lightening burden and promoting efficiency of litigation,it is urgent to amend the procedure for review,strengthen the judges obligation to inform and clarify specific rules in the terms of comparative law so that Chinese pleading jurisdiction system will be“rebirth”.