曹操文学创作与文学理论关系研究

Research on the Relationship between Cao Cao’s Literary Creation and Literary Theory

曹操作为政治家、文学家、军事家,就历史评价而言,其文学成就虽然不小,但是逊于二子曹丕、曹植。迹其文学生涯,原因主要有二:其一是诗歌创作量较少,且以四言为主,文章基本为实用性的政令文,因此缺乏文学地位;其二是,在高度发达的建安文坛,文学理论讨论日盛的状况下,鲜有对文学理论的论述和见解,缺乏理论总结。事实上,曹操实实在在是一个文坛指引者和理论践行者。在语言上他以为政论文应该遵循“指事而语”“反对浮华”的创作要求;在作者方面,他反对“学问肤浅,所见不博”的创作者;在说理上,认为只有经得起“悉难”才是巧文。他的诗歌创作则体现出一种大情怀、大悲悯的阔大气势,彰显了“文以气为主”的美学风格。统观诗文,处处体现对文学“经国之业”的追求。曹操虽然给后世留下的创作理论仅存只字片言,但是他的创作却在当时为诗为文的基本要求与框架下展开,甚至可以说,曹丕所谓的“文以气为主”“经国之大业”的美学追求实际上是对其父文学创作的理论总结。

As a politician,man of letters and militarian,as far as historical comment is concerned,Cao Cao’s literary achievement is not small but is not as good as his two sons--Cao Pi and Cao Zhi.Investigating his literary career,there are two reasons for this.The first is that his amount of poetry creation is small,mainly in four words,and his articles are basically in practical decree.The second is that in the highly developed Jian’an literary world,under the circumstance of literary theory discussion,he rarely carries out discussions and opinions on literary theory.In fact,Cao Cao is really a literary guide and a theoretical practitioner.His political essays follow the creative requirements of“referring to the words”and“opposing glitz”.As for authorship,he opposes writers who are shallow in learning and narrow in view.As for theoretical discussion,he thinks that the papers that“knows the difficulties”are good articles.His poetic creation shows a grand view of passion and compassion and such aesthetic style of“articles should be maintained by air”.Cao Cao’s poems and articles reveal his constant pursuit of“managing state cause”.Although Cao Cao left only a few passages in the creation theory for later generations,his writing revolves around the basic requirements and framework of poetry at the time.It can even be said that Cao Pi’s so-called ideas of“articles should be maintained by air”and of“managing state cause”is the continuation and summarization of his father’s writing and theoretic ideas.