乌鲁木齐市大气污染时空分布特征及不同年龄段人群健康风险评价研究

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of air pollution and health risk assessment of different age groups in Urumqi

目的分析乌鲁木齐市大气污染时空分布特征及其对不同年龄段人群的暴露风险影响。方法应用数理统计方法与环境暴露风险评价模型分别对2015-2019年乌鲁木齐市大气污染特征时空分布进行分析及对不同年龄段人群暴露风险进行评价研究。结果2015-2019年乌鲁木齐市大气污染物浓度值的季节变化、年际变化,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);逐年减小,春冬季节较高,优良天数从62.19%升至74.79%。细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))、可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))、SO_(2)、NO_(2)年均值范围分别为51.67~76.41、85.57~132.65、7.68~15.53、41.47~51.10μg/m^(3),对不同年龄段人群暴露风险值范围分别为0.08×10^(-6)~0.46×10^(-6)、0.06×10^(-6)~0.40×10^(-6)、0.01×10^(-6)~0.04×10^(-6)、0.02×10^(-6)~0.11×10^(-6),对男性暴露风险值高于女性,对不同性别暴露风险值最大范围均集中于6个月~5岁年龄段。结论乌鲁木齐市大气污染程度呈逐年下降趋势,空气质量状况明显好转,受PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)污染程度较高,主要集中于春冬季节;PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)对男性及6个月~5岁的人群暴露风险较大。

Objective To analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of air pollution in Urumqi and its impact on the exposure risk of different age groups.Methods Using mathematical statistics method and environmental exposure risk assessment model,the temporal and spatial distribution of air pollution characteristics and the exposure risk of different age groups in Urumqi from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed.Results The seasonal and annual variation of air pollutant concentration values in Urumqi from 2015 to 2019 showed statistical differences(P<0.01),it decreased year by year,and was higher in spring and winter,while the number of excellent days increased from 62.19%to 74.79%.The annual mean values of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),inh alable particulate matter(PM_(10)),sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))were 51.67-76.41,85.57-132.65,7.68-15.53 and 41.47-51.10μg/m3,respectively.The exposure risk values of different age groups were 0.08×10^(-6)-0.46×10^(-6),0.06×10^(-6)-0.40×10^(-6),0.01×10^(-6)-0.04×10^(-6),0.02×10^(-6)-0.11×10^(-6),respectively.The exposure risk values of men were higher than those of women.The maximum exposure risk values of different genders were concentrated in the age range of 6 months to 5 years.Conclusion The degree of air pollution in Urumqi shows a downward trend year by year,and the air quality is obviously improved.The pollution degree of PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)is higher,mainly in spring and winter.The exposure risk of PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)to men and people aged from6 months to 5 years is the largest.