北京市顺义区新发职业性尘肺病流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis cases in Shunyi District of Beijing

目的了解北京市顺义区新发职业性尘肺病流行病学特征,为制定预防和控制职业性尘肺病策略提供科学依据。方法通过国家职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统、顺义区疾病预防控制中心档案收集北京市顺义区截至2019年底新发尘肺病病例数据并进行分析。结果截至2019年底北京市顺义区共报告新发尘肺病132例。尘肺病分期中壹期占比最高为45.5%,病种主要为矽肺(84.8%),新发病例多为女性(67.4%),工种以雕刻工艺品制作员(79.5%)为主。接尘年份主要集中在1971-2000年(86.4%),接尘工龄[M(P_(25),P_(75))]为11.6(8.0,16.0)年,平均诊断年龄(52.0±10.8)岁,矽肺病例接尘工龄和诊断年龄分别低于其他类别尘肺,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。新发尘肺病病例自2002年首例报告后,呈波浪式发展趋势,2016年出现最高峰(36例)后降至7例/年的增长水平。40.9%(9/22)的企业发生2例以上尘肺病,其中3家企业新发病例数超过10例;新发病例主要分布在集体企业(61.4%)、小型企业(82.6%)。79.5%(105/132)的尘肺病病例集中在6家珠宝首饰及有关物品制造企业,且占全部矽肺病例的93.8%(105/112)。结论北京市顺义区尘肺病主要以矽肺为主,多为聚集性发病,目前发病形势相对平稳,已关闭企业发生群发性矽肺的风险仍然较高;在解决历史遗留问题的同时,要注意预防和控制其他类别尘肺。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis cases in Shunyi District of Beijing,provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategies for occupational pneumoconiosis.Methods Through the national occupational disease and occupational health information monitoring system and the archives of Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,the data of all newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases by the end of 2019 in Shunyi District of Beijing were collected and statistically analyzed.Results A total of 132 new cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Shunyi District of Beijing by the end of 2019,of which stage I(45.5%)and silicosis(84.8%)patients were dominant.Most of the new cases were female(67.4%),and most of the jobs were carving craftsmen(79.5%).The years of dust exposure were mainly concentrated in 1971-2000(86.4%),and the median length of exposure[M(P_(25),P_(75))]was11.6(8.0,16.0)years.The average age of diagnosis was(52.0±10.8)years old.The years of dust exposure and the age of diagnosis of silicosis cases were lower than those of other types of pneumoconiosis,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01).Since the first case of pneumoconiosis reported in 2002,the new pneumoconiosis cases showed a wave like development trend.The peak appeared in 2016(36 cases),and then the growth level decreased to of 7 cases per year.There was 40.9%(9/22)of the enterprises reporting 2 or more cases,of which 3 enterprises had more than 10 new cases.The new cases were mainly distributed in collective enterprises(61.4%),and small enterprises(82.6%).79.5%(105/132)of pneumoconiosis cases were concentrated in six jewelry and related articles manufacturing enterprises,accounting for 93.8%(105/112)of all silicosis cases.Conclusion The pneumoconiosis in Shunyi District of Beijing is mainly composed of silicosis,and most of them are aggregation diseases.At present,the incidence situation is relatively stable,and the risk of mass silicosis in closed enterprises is still high.While solving the problems left over by history,it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and control of other types of pneumoconiosis.