农村慢性心力衰竭患者自我管理现状及其影响因素

Analysis on self-management status and influencing factors of chronic heart failure patients in rural areas

目的了解农村慢性心力衰竭患者自我管理现状,并探讨其自我管理水平与自我效能、生活质量的相关性,为提高该类患者自我管理水平提供参考依据。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2020年2-6月在阜外华中心血管病医院心力衰竭病区住院的农村慢性心力衰竭患者249例为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、心力衰竭患者自我管理量表、症状管理自我效能量表及明尼苏达生活质量问卷对患者的自我管理、自我效能、生活质量进行测评,并对数据进行分析。结果农村慢性心力衰竭患者自我管理得分为52.23±11.58;自我管理与自我效能呈正相关,与生活质量及各领域均呈负相关(均P<0.01)。自我效能、生活质量可解释农村慢性心力衰竭患者自我管理总变异的31.4%。结论农村慢性心力衰竭患者自我管理水平有待提高,医护人员应重视提高患者自我管理水平,增强其自我效能与生活质量,改善治疗结局。

Objective To investigate the status quo of self-management in patients with chronic heart failure in rural areas,explore the correlation between self-management level and self-efficacy,quality of life,and provide a reference for improving the selfmanagement level of these patients.Methods Using the convenience sampling method,249 patients with chronic heart failure from rural areas,who were hospitalized in heart failure ward of Fuwai Huazhong Cardiovascular Hospital from February to June2020,were selected as the research object.The general data questionnaire,heart failure patient self-management scale,symptom management self-efficacy scale and Minnesota quality of life questionnaire were used to evaluate the self-management,self-efficacy and quality of life of patients,and the data were analyzed.Results The self-management score of rural chronic heart failure patients was 52.23±11.580.Self-management was positively correlated with self-efficacy,and negatively correlated with quality of life and all dimensions(all P<0.01).The self-efficacy and quality of life could explain 31.4%of the variation of self-management in patients with chronic heart failure in rural areas.Conclusion The level of self-management of patients with chronic heart failure in rural areas needs to be improved.Medical staff should pay attention to improving the level of self-management of patients,enhance their self-efficacy and quality of life,and improve the outcome of treatment.