国外谣言传播研究:议题与进展

Research on Foreign Rumor Spreading:Issues and Progress

[目的/意义]通过对国外谣言传播研究的系统回顾和展望,以期为国内研究提供参考。[方法/过程]基于WILEY和EBSCOhost外文数据库,并结合Google学术搜索引擎,筛选出的80余篇有效文献,从谣言传播的动因、特征、影响和阻断四个方面,对国外谣言传播研究进行了梳理和归纳。[结果/结论]选择传播谣言有个体和社会的双重原因;传统媒介视域下谣言传播特征存在微观与宏观之别;谣传影响有中性与负性之分,国外研究更为关注其中性色彩;谣言传播的阻断则需要官方与非官方协同。研究认为,传播动机的深度发掘、传播因素的影响程度测量、类别化网络谣言的传播是今后研究值得思考的。同时在考察谣言传播影响时,应避免“一刀切”式研究取向。最后,谣言传播的防控也是未来研究的重要方向。

[Purpose/significance]The paper is to provide references for rumor spreading research in China through the systematic review and prospect of foreign rumor spreading research.[Method/process]The paper screens out more than 80 valid documents through foreign database of WILEY and EBSCOhost with Google academic search engine combs and summarizes the research on rumor spreading abroad from four aspects of the motivation characteristics influence and blocking of rumor spreading.[Result/conclusion]There are both individual and social reasons for choosing to spread rumors;there are micro and macro differences in the characteristics of rumor spreading from the perspective of traditional media;the influence of rumor is neutral and negative and foreign researches pay more attention to the neutral color;the blocking of rumor spreading requires official and unofficial cooperation.The study points out that the in-deep exploration of spreading motivation the measurement of the impact of communication factors and the spread of classified network rumors are worthy of consideration in future research.At the same time the“one-size-fits-all”research approach should be avoided when investigating the influence of rumor spreading.Finally the prevention and control of rumor spreading is also an important direction of future research.