甘肃省2011—2019年突发环境事件特征及防控对策

Characteristics of environmental emergencies in Gansu Province from 2011 to 2019 and prevention and control countermeasures

运用调查、统计等分析方法,对2011—2019年甘肃省发生的81起突发环境事件的诱因、污染类型、时空特征分布及特征污染物进行归纳汇总.结果表明,2014—2019年甘肃省突发环境事件总量呈显著下降趋势,兰州、陇南、白银3市为事故高发区;生产安全事故和交通事故是2大主要原因;0:00~7:00是交通事故和违法排污次生突发环境事件的高发时段;大部分事件造成水和土壤污染;涉水突发环境事件主要特征污染物为油类、重金属类和酸碱类,并具有明显的地域特征,涉土壤突发环境事件主要特征污染物为油类、酸碱类和芳烃类,但地域特征不明显,涉大气突发环境事件主要是在危险化学品和危险废物在运输、生产、使用过程发生交通事故和生产安全事故,导致危险化学品、危险废物挥发或反应而产生有毒有害气体.

By means of investigation,statistics and other analysis methods,the inducement,pollution types,spatial and temporal characteristic distribution and characteristic pollutants of 81 environmental emergencies occurred in Gansu Province from 2011 to 2019 were summarized and statistically analyzed.The results show that,there was a significant downward trend in the overall number of environmental emergencies from 2014 to 2019,and Lanzhou,Baiyin and Longnan were high incidence areas.Production safety accidents and traffic accidents were the two major causes.The time between 0 and 7 o clock was the high frequency interval of traffic accidents and illegal discharge of secondary environmental emergencies.Most of these incidents resulted in polluted water and soil.The main characteristic pollutants of water related environmental emergencies are oil,heavy metals and acid-base,which have distinct regional features,the soil related environmental emergencies are oil,acid-base and aromatic hydrocarbons,but the regional characteristics are not obvious.The air related environmental emergencies are mainly caused by traffic accidents and production safety accidents during the transportation,production and use of hazardous chemicals and hazardous wastes,which lead to the volatilization or reaction of hazardous chemicals and hazardous wastes,producing toxic and harmful gases.