《个人信息保护法》的基本法定位与保护功能——基于新法体系形成及其展开的分析

The Basic Law Position and Protection Function of Personal Information Protection Law

《个人信息保护法》不仅奠定了我国个人信息保护的新法基础,而且也成为数字化背景下的一部基础性立法。要真正理解和实施好这部新法,必须准确把握其体系逻辑以及与其他基本法律的关系。从实证角度而论,可依据双重基础观来解读这部新法的体系形成基础与主要诉求。一个是将该法作为与刑民基本法具有并存交叉地位的领域基本法而设计的基础视角。由此入手可正确理解其作为新兴领域基本法的规范意义及与相关基本法特别是《民法典》的适用关系。另一个是为实现保护功能而预设的基础视角。数字化背景下兴起的个人信息保护问题具有前所未有的复杂性,不能简单通过既有部门法路径加以因应,需要建立更加复杂的超越自主管理的多元治理保护系统,尤其需要针对自主管理失灵进行体系改进和提升,包括加强和完善具体行为治理规范,在必要范围内引入有强度的积极管理和严厉的特殊法律责任等外部治理新机制。通过上述双重视角,才能够更加全面地认识这部新法的基础意义和独特作用,确保在该法的实施和解释中把握住其内核和精髓。

The Personal Information Protection Law has not only laid a new legal foundation for the protection of personal information in China,but also become a basic legislation under the background of digitization.To truly understand and implement this new law,we must accurately grasp the logical basis and connotation of its system.From an empirical point of view,we can interpret the basic ideas and main demands of this new law system according to the concept of dual foundation.One is the basic perspective designed for the basic law in the field of coexistence with the criminal and civil basic law.Starting from this,we can correctly understand its normative significance as a basic law in an emerging field and its application relationship with relevant basic laws,especially the Civil code.The other is the basic perspective preset to realize the protection function.The problem of personal information protection emerging in the digital context has unprecedented complexity,which can not be simply responded to through the path of existing departmental laws.It is necessary to establish a more complex multi governance protection system beyond independent management,especially to improve and enhance the system for the failure of independent management,including strengthening and perfecting specific behavior governance norms and introducing them to the necessary scope,increasing new mechanisms for external pressure governance,such as strong active management and strict special legal responsibilities.Through the above dual perspectives,we can have a more comprehensive understanding of the significance and role of the new law and ensure to grasp its core and essence in interpretation and implementation.