“S比N_(1)还N_(2)”构式句法特征形成的动因分析——基于“S比N还A”构式的压制研究

Analysis of the Reasons for Syntactic Features on the"S bi N_(1)hai N_(2)"Construction——A Study Based on the Coercion of the"S bi N hai A"Construction

近年来有关"S比N_(1)还N_(2)"构式的研究较多,但关于"S比N还A"构式对其压制的研究却极少。有鉴于此,本文从构式语法的视角分析了"S比N还A"对"S比N_(1)还N_(2)"构式的句法压制及后者对前者句法信息的传承。"S比N还A"构式分为表比较类和表比况类构式两种。研究发现,"S比N_(1)还N_(2)"构式除其N_(2)传承了"S比N还A"构式中A的句法特征外,还传承了"S比N还A"构式无否定形式;传承了表比况类构式中A不能转换为其反义词、S与N不能互换、不能省略"还"的特征;阻断了"S比N还A"构式中A后面可用数量词,以及表比较类构式中A可转换为其反义词、S与N可互换、可省略"还"的信息。在传承"S比N还A"构式的5个句法特征中,有3个传承自表比况类构式。这表明,"S比N_(1)还N_(2)"构式主要受到表比况类构式的压制,即其句法特征的形成主要与后者相关。

In recent years there are many researches on the"S bi N_(1)haiN_(2)"Construction,but a few on the coercion of the"S bi Nhai A"Construction on it.In view of it,this thesis,from the perspective of Construction Grammar,analyzes the syntatic coercion of"Sbi N hai A"on"S bi N_(1)haiN_(2)"and the syntactic feature inheritance of the latter from the former."S bi N hai A"is divided into two types:the one with comparative meaning and the one with metaphorical meaning.The findings are:"N_(2)"in"S bi N_(1)hai N_(2)"inherits the adjective syntactic features of"A"in"S bi N hai A";"S bi N_(1)haiN_(2)"inherits the non-negative-form feature of"S bi N hai A",and syntactic features of"S bi N hai A"with metaphorical meaning,such as that"A"cannot be converted into its antonym,that"S"and"N"are not interchanged and that"hai"cannot be omitted,etc..It blocks the feature of that"A"in"S bi N hai A"can be followed by a quantifier,the features of"S bi N hai A"with comparative meaning such as that"A"can be replaced by its antonym,"S"and"N"can be interchanged and"hai"can be omitted.Among the five features inherited,three of them are from"S bi N hai A"with metaphorical meaning,indicating that it is chiefly coerced by and more relevant to"S bi N hai A"with metaphorical meaning.