聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物复合支架在骨缺损修复再生中的作用与应用

Role and application of polylactic acid-hydroxyacetic acid copolymer scaffolds in bone defect repair and regeneration

背景:聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物由于具有良好的生物相容性、可塑性、完全降解性等优点成为人工骨源的理想材料,但其缺乏亲水性、不具有成骨诱导能力、降解产物酸化微环境等缺点不利于骨缺损修复,因此对其进行修饰改性就显得十分必要。目的:阐述聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物复合支架的相关研究进展。方法:应用计算机检索中国知网、PubMed数据库2000年1月至2020年11月收录的文献,检索中文关键词为“聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、PLGA、骨缺损、复合支架、羟基磷灰石、磷酸三钙、改性、表面改性、共混修饰”,英文关键词为“Polylactic acid-hydroxyacetic acid copolymer,PLGA,bone defect,composite scaffold,hydroxyapatite,tricalcium phosphate,modification,surface modification,blending modification”,排除相关程度低、过于陈旧或重复的文献。结果与结论:聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物支架的修饰方法众多,主要以共混修饰和表面修饰为主。共混修饰是通过在支架制造时掺入其他物质,如羟基磷灰石、磷酸三钙、氢氧化镁等无机物,可以提高支架的力学性能、亲水性,改变细胞行为,促进造骨。表面修饰是在支架表面包被一层活性物质,调节细胞-支架材料之间的相互作用。虽然通过各种改进方法支架的性能得到明显改善,但应用于临床仍面临许多困难。

BACKGROUND:Polylactic acid-hydroxyacetic acid copolymer with good biocompatibility,plasticity,and full biodegradation becomes the ideal material of artificial bone source.However,its lack of hydrophilic,absence of osteogenesis ability,and acidification environment induced by degradation products are detrimental to bone defect repair.Thus,modification is very necessary.OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of polylactic acid-hydroxyacetic acid copolymer scaffolds.METHODS:The computer was used for article retrieval on CNKI and PubMed databases published from January 2000 to November 2020.The keywords were“polylactic acid-hydroxyacetic acid copolymer,PLGA,bone defect,composite scaffold,hydroxyapatite,tricalcium phosphate,modification,surface modification,blending modification”in English and Chinese,respectively.Articles with low correlation,outdated or repeated articles were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There are many modification methods of polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer scaffold,and the main modification methods are blending modification and surface modification.Blending modification can improve the mechanical properties and hydrophilicity of the scaffold by adding other substances,such as hydroxyapatite,tricalcium phosphate,magnesium hydroxide and other inorganic substances during the scaffold manufacturing,change the cell behavior,and promote osteogenesis.Surface modification is to coat the surface of the scaffold with a layer of active substances to regulate the cell-scaffold interaction.Although the performance of stents has been improved by various methods,there are still many difficulties in clinical application.