生物材料支架在治疗脊髓损伤中的应用

Application of biomaterial scaffolds in the treatment of spinal cord injury

背景:由于脊髓损伤后神经神经再生能力弱,修复受损脊髓组织并使其实现功能正常化仍是目前医学难题。生物组织材料学的快速发展以及其在医学中广泛应用为脊髓损伤修复提供了新的治疗理念和方法。目的:总结生物材料支架对脊髓损伤后神经组织再生修复研究并对其发展趋势进行展望,以探讨修复脊髓损伤的方法并总结经验。方法:应用PubMed数据库高级检索功能,检索2011年1月至2021年1月的文献,检索词为“Spinal cord injury;Biomaterials;Nerve regeneration;Material”;应用知网、万方、维普等数据库高级检索功能,检索2011年1月至2021年1月的相关文献,检索词为“脊髓损伤;生物材料;支架”。结果与结论:随着生物工程研究和医学结合的进一步深入,生物材料支架已被广泛应用于脊髓损伤修复的研究,生物材料的组织相容性、降解性等方面均有了改善;生物材料种类较多,各有其利弊,取其优点制备成复合支架并负载种子细胞、细胞因子或药物对神经再生效果更佳。但复合支架如何选择材料组合,如何选择种子细胞、细胞因子或药物,使生物材料支架联合种子细胞、细胞因子或药物成为最佳组合值得深入研究。总之,生物材料修复脊髓损伤是一个新思路,可能成为促进脊髓损伤修复的突破点。

BACKGROUND:Due to the weak regeneration ability after spinal cord injury,it is still a difficult medical problem to repair the damaged spinal cord tissue and normalize its function.The rapid development of biological tissue materials and its wide application in medicine provide new therapeutic ideas and methods for spinal cord injury repair.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research situation of biomaterial scaffolds on nerve tissue regeneration and repair after spinal cord injury,and forecast its development trend,so as to explore the methods of spinal cord injury repair and summarize experience.METHODS:The articles published from January 2011 to January 2021 were retrieved using the advanced retrieval function of PubMed database.The search terms were“spinal cord injury;biomaterials;nerve regeneration;material”.By using the advanced retrieval functions of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP and other databases,relevant articles published from January 2011 to January 2021 were searched,and the search terms were“spinal cord injury;biomaterials;scaffolds”.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:With further development of the combination of bioengineering research and medicine,biomaterial scaffolds have been widely used in the study of spinal cord injury repair,and the histocompatibility and degradation of biomaterials have been improved.There are many kinds of biomaterials,each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.It is better to prepare composite scaffolds loaded with seed cells,cytokines or drugs for nerve regeneration.However,how to select the composite scaffold material combination,how to select the seed cells,cytokines or drugs,so as to make the biomaterial scaffold combined with seed cells,cytokines or drugs become the best combination value of in-depth research.In conclusion,biomaterial repair of spinal cord injury is a new idea and may become a breakthrough point to promote the repair of spinal cord injury.