作物品质研究现状与展望

Current progress and prospect of crop quality research

优质作物的产业化有助于破解居民健康膳食的经济不可负担性难题,对保障粮食安全和创造美好生活至关重要.品质性状是受环境影响的、多基因参与的复杂农艺性状,其基础是代谢.作物利用光合产物经过协同有序的初生或次生代谢直接或间接地为人类提供能量和多样化的营养物质.目前,已克隆一些营养、食味等品质性状的主效基因,在维生素和花青素等特殊功能物质代谢途径的解析和优质作物设计育种等方面取得了显著进展,但人们对品质性状调控机制的认识有限,尚缺乏品质性状环境变异规律方面的知识.本文重点总结了国内外水稻、小麦、玉米和大豆等主要粮食作物品质的研究现状,讨论了品质研究的未来发展趋势和我国面临的瓶颈,提出了面向2035年我国作物品质研究的一些思考.

The industrialization of high-quality crops can help to increase the affordability of healthy diets for residents, and it is crucial to ensure food security and a better life. Quality traits are complex agronomic traits influenced by environment and regulated by multiple genes, whose basis is metabolism. Crops directly or indirectly provide energy and diversified nutrients for human beings through coordinated and orderly primary and/or secondary metabolism of photosynthates. Currently, several major genes responsible for nutrition, taste and other qualities have been cloned, and remarkable progress has been made in the analysis of metabolic pathways of vitamins and some special functional substances such as anthocyanins, and in the molecular design breeding of high-quality crops.However, our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of quality traits is limited, and the knowledge of environmental variation of quality traits is still lacking. Here, we summarized the present quality research on rice, wheat, corn and soybean at home and abroad,discussed the future development trend and bottleneck of quality research in China, and put forward some thoughts for crop quality research in China toward 2035.