羽衣甘蓝主要观赏性状配合力与遗传力分析

Main Characters in Ornamental Kale: Analysis of Heritability and Combining Ability

旨在为观赏羽衣甘蓝的杂种优势利用与优良新品种选育提供科学依据。以羽衣甘蓝2个雄性不育系为母本,7个高代自交系为父本,按NCⅡ不完全双列杂交设计,配制了14个杂交组合,对株高、外叶数、心叶数、外叶开展度、心叶开展度、外叶叶形指数、心叶叶形指数7个观赏性状进行了配合力和遗传力的分析。结果表明:对于一般配合力,母本C6BZ在心叶数和外叶开展度的表现优于CD10;父本中,HZ1631和DFZ在心叶数、外叶开展度和心叶开展度的一般配合力较高。根据特殊配合力效应值选出较优良的4个杂交组合为CD10×DFZ、CD10×HZ1631、C6BZ×HZ1631和C6BZ×F0819。7个性状的广义遗传力均较高,均在50%以上。外叶叶形指数和心叶叶形指数的狭义遗传力均高于50%,这2个性状可在早期进行选择;而其他5个性状的狭义遗传力均较低,需在高代选择。通过本试验得出的参试母本系和自交系的一般配合力和特殊配合力,以及7个重要观赏性状的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力,可为利用杂种优势选育出优良的观赏羽衣甘蓝杂交种提供依据。

It aims to provide a basis for heterosis utilization and breeding of ornamental kale. Two male sterile lines and seven inbred lines were used as the female and male parents, respectively. 14 hybridized combinations were constructed by NC Ⅱ incomplete diallel cross method. The combining ability and heritability of seven traits were estimated, namely, plant height, outer leaf number, inner leaf number, outer leaf divergence, inner leaf divergence, the outer leaf shape index, and the inner leaf shape index. The results showed that the female parental line C6 BZ was better than CD10 in inner leaf number and outer leaf divergence according to the value of the general combining ability. Meanwhile, the inbred lines HZ1631 and DFZ were both better than other five ones in the value of inner leaf number and outer-and inner-leaf divergence. Four superior hybridized combination CD10×DFZ, CD10×HZ1631, C6 BZ×HZ1631 and C6 BZ×F0819 were selected according to the specific combining ability. The broad-sense heritability of the seven traits were all higher than 50%. The narrow-sense heritability of the outer leaf index and inner leaf index were both higher than 50%, so the two traits could be selected in the earlier generation. Whereas, the other five traits should be selected in higher generation because of their low narrow-sense heritability. Based on the experiments, we acquired the results of the general and specific combining ability of two male sterile lines and seven inbred lines, and also got the broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability of the seven significant ornamental traits in kale. It will benefit the breeding of ornamental kale under heterosis utilization.