夏秋两季露地生菜耗水规律及作物系数

Water Consumption Regularity and Crop Coefficient of Open Cultivation Lettuce in Summer and Autumn

为了探究云南滇中地区夏、秋两季露地生菜耗水规律及作物系数,为该区域生菜生产提供更好的灌溉保障,于2019年在云南省灌溉试验中心站大田进行了夏季和秋季生菜耗水试验。采用水量平衡、Penman-Monteith公式计算了夏、秋季露地生菜耗水规律、作物系数,分别对其耗水量的影响因素进行了通径分析。结果表明:夏季和秋季生菜全生育期耗水量分别为76.47、44.54 mm,夏季生菜团棵期、莲座期、结球期、成熟采摘期的日耗水强度分别为0.74、1.23、2.26、2.52 mm,秋季生菜分别为0.40、0.73、0.86、1.15 mm;夏季生菜各生育期作物系数分别为0.17、0.31、0.74、0.75,而秋季生菜分别为0.18、0.25、0.37、0.81;夏季生菜耗水量的主要影响因素是0~40 cm平均土壤温度和降雨量,秋季生菜耗水量的主要影响因素是0~40 cm平均土壤含水率、日照时数。该试验得出了夏、秋季生菜作物系数,为云南滇中地区生菜灌溉定额和灌溉制度的制定提供一定的科学依据。

To explore the water consumption regularity and crop coefficient of open-field lettuce in summer and autumn in central Yunnan, and provide irrigation guarantee for lettuce production in this region, water consumption tests of lettuce in summer and autumn were carried out in the field at the Irrigation Experimental Center Station of Yunnan Province in 2019. The water consumption law and crop coefficient of lettuce in summer and autumn were calculated by using water balance and Penman-Monteith formula, and the influencing factors of water consumption were analyzed by path analysis. The results showed that the water consumption during the whole growth period of lettuce in summer and autumn was 76.47 and 44.54 mm respectively, the daily water consumption intensity at the seedling stage, lotus seat stage, balling stage and mature picking stage of summer lettuce was 0.74, 1.23, 2.26 and 2.52 mm respectively, and those of autumn lettuce was 0.40, 0.73, 0.86 and 1.15 mm respectively. The crop coefficient of summer lettuce in each growth period was 0.17, 0.31, 0.74 and 0.75 respectively, while that of autumn lettuce in each growth period was 0.18,0.25, 0.37 and 0.81 respectively. The main influencing factors of water consumption of lettuce in summer were the average soil temperature of 0-40 cm and rainfall, while the main influencing factors of water consumption of lettuce in autumn were the average soil moisture content of 0-40 cm and sunshine hours. The coefficient of lettuce crop in summer and autumn was obtained, which could provide a basis for the formulation of irrigation quota and irrigation schedule of lettuce in central Yunnan.