星形胶质细胞在脊髓损伤中的作用及机制

Effect and mechanism of astrocytes in spinal cord injury

背景:脊髓损伤的临床表现与损伤的严重程度和部位相关,尽管对脊髓损伤的研究已经持续了多年,但目前仍然没有有效的治疗方法来恢复受损脊髓的功能。目的:对星形胶质细胞的特征、近年来有关反应性星形胶质细胞活化的研究以及相关治疗策略进行综述。方法:在PubMed数据库中,以“spinal cord injury,astrocyte”为关键词进行检索;在万方数据库、CNKI中以“脊髓损伤,星形胶质细胞”为关键词进行检索,检索时限为2010年1月至2020年10月,按纳入和排除标准进行归纳总结,排除了与研究目的无关、年代较为久远以及重复性文章,纳入符合标准的61篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:星形胶质细胞的生理功能多样且对维持中枢神经系统稳定性极为重要,在脊髓损伤后星形胶质细胞也可活化为反应性星形胶质细胞进一步对神经系统产生有利或不利的影响。以星形胶质细胞为靶点治疗脊髓损伤可有效改善神经功能、减少脊髓损伤后炎症反应、促进轴突生长和再髓鞘化。反应性星形胶质细胞的活化类型和机制仍需进一步探究,相关治疗策略的安全性问题及成本问题也需进一步解决,因此还需要更深入地探索星形胶质细胞对于脊髓损伤的作用机制。

BACKGROUND:Clinical manifestations of spinal cord injury are related to the severity and location of injury.Although the research on spinal cord injury has lasted for many years,there is still no effective treatment to restore the function of injured spinal cord.OBJECTIVE:To review the characteristics of astrocytes,the activation of reactive astrocytes in recent years and the related therapeutic strategies.METHODS:In PubMed database,the key words of“spinal cord injury,astrocyte”were searched.The key words of“spinal cord injury,astrocyte”were searched in Wanfang and CNKI.The retrieval time limit was from January 2010 to October 2020.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,articles unrelated to the research purpose,long-standing and repetitive articles were excluded,and 61 articles meeting the criteria were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The physiological functions of astrocytes are diverse and are very important for maintaining the stability of the central nervous system.Astrocytes can also be activated into reactive astrocytes after spinal cord injury,which will have beneficial or adverse effects on the nervous system.Treatment of spinal cord injury with astrocytes can effectively improve neurological function,reduce inflammatory reaction after spinal cord injury,and promote axon growth and remyelination.The activation types and mechanisms of reactive astrocytes need to be further explored,and the safety and cost issues of related treatment strategies need to be further solved.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the mechanism of astrocytes in spinal cord injury.