饲粮中添加益生菌对努比亚山羊生长性能、血液生化指标和瘤胃发酵的影响

Effects of Diet Supplemented Probiotics on Growth Performance,Blood Biochemical Indices and Rumen Fermentation of Nubian Goats

为研究饲粮中添加益生菌对努比亚山羊生长性能、血液生化指标和瘤胃发酵的影响,选择健康、体重相近的2月龄左右努比亚山羊(母羊)36只,随机分为3组,每组12只,试验羊饲喂的基础日粮中分别添加0(试验Ⅰ组)、0.5‰(试验Ⅱ组)和1.0‰(试验Ⅲ组)的益生菌。试验期70 d,其中预饲期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:①正试期第60天,试验Ⅱ组的胸围和管围显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05),而体高则显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),其他指标各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。各试验组山羊的体重、平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)均无显著差异(P>0.05),但试验Ⅱ组高于其他两组。②正试期第10天,试验Ⅲ组山羊生长激素(GH)和瘦素(LEP)浓度显著高于其他两组(P<0.05),胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)浓度有高于其他两组的趋势(P=0.07)。正试期第30天,试验Ⅰ组山羊血糖(GLU)浓度显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05),而GH浓度则相反;试验Ⅰ组山羊高密度脂蛋白(HDL)浓度显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组LEP浓度极显著高于其他两组(P<0.01)。正试期第60天,试验Ⅱ组山羊GLU和HDL浓度显著高于其他两组(P<0.05),而甲状腺激素T4浓度则相反。③试验Ⅲ组的异丁酸和丁酸浓度显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01或P<0.05),其他指标各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验Ⅱ组山羊瘤胃嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌、栖瘤胃普雷沃菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、乳酸菌和黄色瘤胃球菌基因相对表达量显著高于其他两组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组产琥珀酸丝状杆菌基因相对表达量极显著高于其他两组(P<0.01)。综上说明,益生菌可能会通过促进山羊激素分泌和改善瘤胃发酵来促进营养物质的消化吸收。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of diet supplemented probiotics on growth performance,blood biochemical indices and rumen fermentation of Nubian goats.Thirty-six healthy Nubian goats with similar body weight were chosen and divided into three groups with 12 goats per group.Goats in each group were fed basal diet supplemented 0,0.5‰and 1.0‰of probiotics,respectively.The experimental period was 70 days.The results were as follows:①The chest circumference and cannon-bone circumference of goats in groupⅡwere signifi-cantly higher than that in groupⅢ,whereas the body height was significantly lower in groupⅡgoats than in groupⅠon day 60 of formal experiment(P<0.05).The other indexes had no significant differences in each group(P>0.05).②The body weight,ave-rage daily gain,average daily feed intake and the ratio of feed to gain of goats had no significant difference in each group(P>0.05),but those in groupⅡwere higher than in other two group.③The growth hormone and leptin concentrations of goats in groupⅢwere significantly higher than that in other group(P<0.05),and the insulin-like growth-1 concentration in groupⅢtended to be higher than that in other two group(P=0.07)on day 10 of formal experiment.The glucose concentration of goats in groupⅠwas significantly higher than that in groupⅢ(P<0.05),whereas the growth hormone concentration had the opposite result on day 30 formal experiment.The concentration of high density lipoprotein of goats in groupⅠwas significantly higher than that in groupⅡ(P<0.05),and the leptin concentration of goats in groupⅢwas significantly higher than that in other two group(P<0.01)on day 30 formal experiment.The concentrations of glucose and high density lipoprotein of goats were significantly higher in groupⅡthan in other two group(P<0.05),whereas the concentration of thyroid hormone T4 had the opposite result on day 60 formal experiment.④The concentrations of isobutyric acid and butyric acid in groupⅢwere significantly higher than that in groupⅠ(P<0.01 or P<0.05),but there were no significant difference in other parameters among all group(P>0.05).The relative gene expression of Ruminobacter amylophilus,Prevotella ruminicola,Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens,Lactobacillus spp.and Ruminococcus flavefaciens in groupⅡwas significantly higher than that in other two groups(P<0.05).The relative gene expression of Ruminococcus albus in groupⅢwas significantly higher than that in other two groups(P<0.01).In conclusion,probiotics may promote nutrient digestion and absorption by promoting hormone secretion and improving rumen fermentation in goats.