1964年东京奥运会与首都美化运动

Tokyo 1964 Olympics and the Capital Beautiful Movement

1964年东京奥运会实现了体育运动会与城市的良性互动。以奥运会为契机,东京都政府推进首都美化运动,意在改变不洁和混乱的城市形象。首都美化运动确立了推进本部等运行机制,不仅改善了公共卫生,美化了城市景观,而且通过动员民众参与,提升了市民的公共道德。这场运动为奥运会的举办锦上添花,在部分街区效果显著,拉开了多元主体共同参与城市治理的帷幕。然而,奥运会后运动趋于平淡,原因在于缺乏“奥运遗产”的规划理念,有鉴于此,2020年东京奥运会实施了完善的奥运遗产行动计划。首都美化运动的正反两方面经验教训可为2022年北京冬奥会所借鉴。

Tokyo 1964 Olympics made positive interaction between Olympics and the host city.Taking the opportunity of hosting Olympics,Tokyo metropolitan government promoted a capital beauty movement to change the dirty and formless image of city.The movement not only improved the public health and made better landscaping in material aspect,but also promoted the public participation and morality.The movement brought honors to the Olympics,made positive impacts on certain aspect and promoted multiple-part city governance.However,the movement declined after the Olympics and the outlook of Tokyo was not changed completely,which was caused by lacking the vision of“Olympic legacy”.With that experience,Tokyo 2020 has implemented a comprehensive Olympic legacy action plan.The positive and negative experiences of the beautiful movement can be used for reference by the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.