1917年—1944年苏日萨哈林石油之争探析

The Oil Disputes between the Soviet Union and Japan in Sakhalin from 1917 to 1944 and Its Background

第二次工业革命以来,石油成为各大工业国经济发展的重要基石。1879年,工业化快速推进的俄国在萨哈林岛发现石油,各国闻讯纷纷派员前往该地展开勘探。1917年俄国十月革命后,苏日两国成为争夺萨哈林石油的主角。以1925年苏日建交和1937年苏联停止对日石油出口为节点,萨哈林石油之争历经三个阶段。受1929年世界经济危机、第二次世界大战等因素影响,苏升日降趋势明显,直至1944年苏联完全夺回萨哈林石油控制权。1917年至1944年苏日萨哈林石油之争是一场地缘因素影响远大于经济价值的博弈,对苏日关系乃至当今俄日关系产生了深远影响。

Since the Second Industrial Revolution,oil has become an important cornerstone of the economic development of major industrial countries.In 1879,Russia,which was rapidly industrialized,discovered oil on Sakhalin.After hearing the news,various countries sent professionals to explore the resource there.After the October Revolution in Russia in 1917,the Soviet Union and Japan became the rivals in the fight for the oil in the Sakhalin region.With the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Japan in 1925 and the cessation of oil’s exports to Japan by the Soviet Union in 1937,the dispute of the oil in the Sakhalin region has gone through three stages.Affected by the Great Depression in 1929,World War II and other factors,the rising trend of the Soviet Union was obvious,until the Soviet Union completely regained control of oil in 1944.The 27-year disput was a game in which the influence of geopolitical factors far outweighs the economic value,which has a profound impact on Soviet-Japanese relations and even today’s Russia-Japan relations.