日本抗疫工作中大数据运用困局的伦理学思考

An Ethical Thinking on the Dilemma of Big Data in Japan’s Epidemic Prevention

自新冠疫情在日本发生以来,大量感染路径不明的病例始终是日本防疫工作中的潜在威胁。日本政府虽然也试图探索利用大数据指导疫情防控,但由于日本社会对个人隐私保护的强烈意识,使这些举措在及时追踪感染链条、彻底切断疫情传播上并未发挥有效作用。直至今日,日本的疫情形势仍未出现明显好转,此时更有必要梳理日本的疫情发展与日本政府的防疫对策,深刻剖析日本利用大数据实行精准防疫的障碍所在,并从伦理学的角度反思及确立公共卫生安全对于个人隐私保护的优先性,为将大数据技术应用于精准抗疫提供理论依据。

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in Japan,a large number of cases with unknown infection routes have always been a potential threat in Japan’s epidemic prevention.Although the Japanese government is trying to explore the use of big data to guide the prevention and control of the epidemic,due to the strong awareness of individual privacy protection in Japanese society,these measures have not played an effective role in tracking the infection chain in time and completely cutting off the spread of the epidemic.Today,the epidemic situation in Japan has not been substantially improved.At this time,it is more necessary to sort out the development of the epidemic in Japan and the Japanese government’s epidemic prevention countermeasures,analyze the obstacles to Japan’s use of big data to implement precise epidemic prevention,and from the perspective of ethics reflect on and establish the priority of public health security for personal privacy protection,which can provide a theoretical basis for the application of big data in precise epidemic prevention.