转向架焊接结构件深度缺陷超声相控阵检测及三维可视化

Ultrasonic phased array detection and 3D visualization of deep defects in welded structural parts of bogies

针对轨道列车转向架焊接结构件等关键部位的焊接接头深度缺陷复杂的声学特征与缺陷显示,分析了不同形状和尺寸缺陷的相控阵检测效果,并结合声场传播仿真结果,阐述了低碳钢深度缺陷的声场作用机理对相控阵检测结果的影响,同时基于三维数据库OpenGL实现不同缺陷的三维可视化。结果表明,长条状缺陷对于相控阵声场在竖直方向上的反射作用更强,声影区随缺陷宽度尺寸减小而增大,同时在缺陷处的反射较为集中的相控阵声场具有更高的检测灵敏度与分辨力,基于三维数据库实现的缺陷三维显示结果能够清晰直观地反映构件内部缺陷。该研究对于高速列车转向架焊接结构件中缺陷的超声相控阵检测和三维可视化具有实际指导意义。

In view of the complex acoustic characteristics and defect display of deep defects in welded joints of key parts such as welded structural parts of rail train bogies, the phased array detection results of different shapes and sizes of defects were analyzed, and the influence of sound field mechanism of mild steel deep defects on phased array detection results were expounded in combination with sound field propagation simulation results. At the same time, the 3 D visualization of different defects was realized based on OpenGL. The results showed that the strip defect had stronger reflection effect on the vertical direction of the phased array sound field, and the acoustic shadow area increased with the decrease of the defect width. Meanwhile, the phased array sound field with more concentrated reflection at the defect had higher detection sensitivity and resolution. The defect 3 D display results based on 3 D database could clearly and intuitively reflect the internal defects of components. This research had practical significance for ultrasonic phased array detection and three-dimensional visualization of defects in welded structural parts of high-speed train bogies.