在线教学视频中教师在屏能否促进学习?——基于国内外33项实证研究的元分析

Is Instructor Presence in Online Instructional Videos Helpful for Learning:A Meta-analysis based on 33 Domestic and International Empirical Studies

教学视频已成为在线教学与混合式教学中最重要的学习资源,而关于视频中教师形象在屏能否提高学习成效问题,目前还没有形成一致的研究结论。基于此,采用元分析的方法,分别以认知负荷和社会存在感为学习过程变量,以保持测验、迁移测验和其他测验为学习结果变量,探索教师在屏对学习者学习过程和学习结果的影响,并通过调节效应检验教师在屏的边界条件。主效应检验结果显示,教师在屏促进了学习者保持(g=0.219)和迁移成绩(g=0.203)的提高,但对降低认知负荷和提升社会存在感没有显著影响。调节效应检验结果显示,不同调节变量对教师在屏有效性的影响均不相同,具体表现为:当学习者为大学生(g=0.602),使用摄录式教学视频(g=1.910)学习陈述性知识(g=0.954),且教师伴随手势(g=0.529)时,教师在屏可以提高学习者的社会存在感;同时,教师的手势(g=0.898)也可以提高保持测验成绩和其他测验成绩。这对于优化教学视频的设计,提高视频学习成效具有重要的指导意义。

Instructional videos have become the most important learning resources in online teaching and blended teaching,and whether the image of teacher in the videos can improve learning has not yet reached a consistent conclusion.Based on this,the meta-analysis method was adopted to take cognitive load and social presence as learning process variables,the retention test,transfer test and other tests as learning outcome variables,to explore the instructor presence’s influence on learners’learning process and learning results,and use the moderating effect test to examine the boundary conditions of instructor presence.The main effect test found that instructor presence promoted the improvement of learners’retention(g=0.219)and transfer(g=0.203)performance,but had no significant influence on the learning process.The moderating effect test found that different moderating variables had different influences on the effectiveness of instructor presence,which were as follows:When the learner is a college student(g=0.602),using the teaching recorded video(g=1.910)to learn declarative knowledge(g=0.954)and the teacher is accompanied by gestures(g=0.529),it can improve the sense of social presence of the learner.Meanwhile,teacher’s hand gestures(g=0.898)also improved the retention test scores and other test scores.The research has important guiding significance for optimizing the design of instructional videos and improving the effectiveness of video learning.