先秦“化”的思想之于当代“文化”的教育意涵

Seeking Enlightenment on the Educational Connotations of Contemporary "Culture" from the Thought of "Hua"(the Creation of All Things by Heaven or the Mutual Transformation of All Things) in the Pre-Qin Dynasty(770 BC-221 BC)

我国古代思想语境下的"文—化"与当代汉语中使用的"文化"既有联系也有差别。追溯先秦时期"化"的思想,有助于"唤醒记忆"式地激活其本源力量并启发当代本土"文化"的教育意涵。先秦典籍中对"化"的使用主要可以归纳为天道化生万物以及万事万物之间的相互转化这两类,这是《说文》所谓教行之"化"的形上学观念背景。而先秦时期教行之"化"的思想则以《易传》中的顺天应人之"化成"、儒家经典中的仁义礼乐之"教化"、道家经典中的道德无为之"自化"等为代表。与当代"文化"之教育意涵相联系,这项先秦"化"思想的梳理和挖掘,展现了早期"化"的创造性动态所拓展的"文化"意义空间,以及"化"的深刻性效果所内蕴的深度教学的旨趣。

In ancient Chinese thoughts, "wen-hua"(indoctrinating people with civil virtues)connected with but differed from "culture," used in the contemporary Chinese language. Tracing back to the thought of "hua" in the pre-Qin Dynasty helps to activate its original strength and give enlightenment to the educational connotations of contemporary "culture." The "hua" used in the pre-Qin classics can be categorized into the creation of all things by heaven or the mutual transformation of all things,which were contained in the metaphysical concept of the "hua" in the so-called "teaching" from the Origin of Chinese Characters. The "hua" in the "teaching" was represented by the creation of institutions and things suitable for human development according to The Book of Changes,the "education" by benevolence,justice,etiquette and music in Confucian classics,and the "self-education" in moral inaction from Taoist classics. Connecting the educational connotations of contemporary "culture," a review and exploration of the thought of "hua" in the pre-Qin Dynasty shows the "cultural" space expanded by means of the creative and dynamic "hua",and the in-depth teaching contained in the profound effect of "hua."