光环叠加:中国科学精英的生成机制

The Superposition of Haloes:The Mechanism Generating China’s Scientific Elite

任何国家的学术系统都是分层的,根据名望和影响力对学者进行等级区分是一种普遍现象。在中国学术系统中,院士是位居金字塔塔尖的精英群体。无论在科学家的心目中,还是在一般公众的观念上,院士都是国内最具权威、最具声望、最具影响力的人才头衔。中国科学精英的生成过程是一个光环叠加的过程。一方面,精英人才通过对优质教育与科研资源的获取不断进行学术产出和科研能力等资本的累积。另一方面,在"马太效应"的作用机制下,机构的声望、名师效应、海外留学与科研经历、行政任职等因素也在其成长过程中产生不可忽视的影响。

The academic system of any country is hierarchical,and it is a common phenomenon to differentiate scholars according to their fame and influence.In China’s academic system,the academicians from the Chinese Academy of Sciences or the Chinese Academy of Engineering are the elite group at the top of the pyramid.In the minds of scientists and the general public,the academicians are the most authoritative,prestigious and influential titles for talents in China.The scientific elite is generated through the superposition of haloes.On the one hand,elite talents accumulate academic outcomes and research skills by means of acquiring high-quality educational and research resources.On the other hand,under the mechanism of"Matthew effect,"the reputation of the institution,the effect of distinguished teachers,the experience in overseas study and research,administrative posts and other factors have a significant impact on their growth.