主体改造的现代性困境——基于延安文学医疗卫生叙事的一种考察

The dilemma of modernity in subject transformation: An investigation based on hygiene narration in Yan’an literature

在革命与救亡局势的制约下,延安文学以一种政治宣传的形式延续了"五四"文学的启蒙主题。文化启蒙与政治图解的双重任务使得延安作家在进行医疗卫生叙事时,陷入了有关人的主体改造的现代性困境。一方面,以西医为代表的现代科学精神试图扭转民众在生命维度表现出来的蒙昧意识,塑造出现代意义上的健康个体;另一方面,医学改革的需求与政治革命相联结,不断压迫民间相对独立的话语空间,以话语改造的方式消解了人自身的主体性。借助医疗卫生内容的书写,延安文学展示出革命情景下政治社会化的国家权力在场。

Under the restriction of the situation of revolution and national salvation, Yan’an literature continued the enlightenment theme of the May 4 th literature in a form of political propaganda. The dual task of cultural enlightenment and political illustration has put the Yan’an writers in a modern dilemma regarding the transformation of the human subject in their hygiene narratives. On one hand, the spirit of modern science, represented by western medicine, attempts to reverse the obscurantist consciousness of people in life dimensions and create healthy individuals in the modern sense;on the other hand, the demand for medical reform is linked to political revolution, constantly oppressing the relatively independent discourse of the people and dissolving their own subject by means of discourse transformation. Through the writing of medical and health content, Yan’an literature shows the presence of state power in the revolutionary situation of the political socialization.