鄱阳湖“一湖一策”禁捕退捕政策及实施效果评价

The study of the fishing ban in Poyang Lake and the evaluation of its effect after its implementation

针对长江大保护要求,结合鄱阳湖渔民渔情,江西围绕着"禁得住、退得出、能小康"的总目标,对"一湖一策"差别管理禁捕退捕政策进行了探索。本文从禁捕补偿、养老保障和转产转业三个维度,对鄱阳湖禁捕退捕政策进行了梳理,认为当前政策具有层层落实、多部门联动,重点保民生、突出因地施策的特点。同时,结合鄱阳湖访谈调研对政策效果进行了评价。发现"禁得住、退得出"短期内已实现,但由于激励不足,长期来看渔民返捕可能性较大;由于退捕前后渔民收入反差较大,"能小康"目标任重道远。基于此,本文提出了加快健全生态补偿制度、创新转产转业方式、试点探索资源保护利用新机制等政策建议。

For the requirement of Yangtze River protection,combined with the local fishery situations,focusing on the general goal of"be retreat,be stable and be well off",Jiangxi Province has explored the policy of fishing ban under the management philosophy of“one lake,one policy”.This paper presents the fishing ban from three dimensions:compensation of fish ban,pension guarantee measures and re-employment.The authors hold the idea that the current policy has the characteristics of hierarchical implementation,multi-department linkage,focusing on protecting people’s livelihood and highlighting local implementation.At the same time,the authors evaluate the effect of the policy based on their interviews and research.It is found that the goal of"be retreat and be stable"has been realized in the short term,but the possibility of fishermen returning to fishing is larger in the long term due to insufficient incentive.Due to the large income gap between the fishermen before and after retired fishing,the goal of"be well-off"is a long way to go.Based on above analysis,this paper proposes that the government should accelerate and improve the sustainable ecological compensation system,continue to innovate the mode of re-employment and explore the new mechanisms for resource conservation and utilization in the pilot sites.