舟山市海水养殖外部成本测度及其内部化路径——基于条件价值评估法(CVM)的实证研究

Evaluating the external costs of mariculture and paths of internalizing externalities in Zhoushan:An empirical study of Contingent Valuation Method

论文以浙江省舟山市为研究对象,基于394份舟山市海水养殖从业人员随机调查样本,采用CVM对舟山市海水养殖的外部成本进行了测算,分析其产生的原因,提出了外部成本内部化路径思路。研究结果表明:1.舟山市海水养殖的外部成本约为485.79万元/年;2.海水养殖户对海水养殖行为生态环境影响的认识不足、政府规制不够、海洋环境监管力度较低、海水养殖结构单一、部分海域养殖密度较高是舟山市产生海水养殖外部成本的主要原因;3.加强海洋生态环境知识科普力度、制定更具针对性和更严格的海水养殖废水排放及废弃物处置标准、强化海水养殖区的海洋生态环境监管、优化海水养殖结构、严控重点养殖区海水养殖密度、构建海水养殖排污权制度、将海水养殖外部成本与海域使用金征收标准挂钩等措施将有助于舟山市海水养殖外部成本的内部化。

This paper evaluates the external costs of mariculture in Zhoushan using the Contingent Valuation Method(CVM)based on a random sample survey.The survey is conducted in a face-to-face manner,and 394 mariculturists is included.Main causes of mariculture’s external costs are further analyzed after measuring,and some paths of internalizing externalities are proposed.Results show that:1)the external costs of mariculture is 485.79×104 Yuan per year in Zhoushan.2)Insufficient recognition of external costs of mariculture of mariculturist,lack of mariculture pollution control regulations,poor supervision on marine environment,single mariculture structure,and high breeding density in major mariculture areas are main causes of external costs of mariculture in Zhoushan.3)Strengthening marine environment promulgation,introducing more targeted and stricter mariculture wastewater emission standard,intensifying supervision on mariculture areas’marine environment,optimizing mariculture structure,strictly controlling breeding density in major mariculture areas,introducing mariculture emission trading system and a more flexible charging standard of sea area use fees connecting with external costs of mariculture will be helpful on reducing external costs of mariculture.