中国与美国海洋经济核算对比研究

Study on the comparison of ocean economy accounting methodology between China and the United States

美国是海洋大国,历来十分重视海洋经济的发展,也是最早开展海洋经济核算研究的国家之一。在大量前期研究的基础上,2020年6月,美国商务部首次官方发布了《美国海洋经济的定义与衡量》分析报告。2005年,我国启动了海洋经济核算工作,十余年间取得了长足的进步。深入对比分析两国海洋经济核算,对于完善我国海洋经济核算工作,更加真实准确地刻画海洋经济运行状况,推动海洋经济高质量发展,具有重要意义。本文全方位介绍了中国与美国海洋经济核算的发展历程、区域范围、产业范围、核算方法、数据来源、数据发布情况和数据结果等内容,并进行了细致的对比分析。研究发现尽管美国海洋经济核算研究起步较早,但是中国海洋生产总值核算工作进展较快。中国与美国在海洋经济核算的数据来源、核算思路、核算方法上基本一致,应坚定海洋经济核算研究的信心。与美国相比,中国海洋生产总值核算范围比较全面,数据发布机制比较健全,时效性也比较高;但中国涉海就业人员核算亟待完善,海洋生产总值核算方法还需要进一步改进与完善。

As one of the world’s biggest coastal countries,America has always attached great importance to the development of ocean economy,and it is one of the earliest countries to carry out ocean economic accounting research.Based on a large number of previous studies,in June 2020,the U.S.Department of Commerce officially released the analysis report Defining and Measuring the U.S.Ocean Economy for the first time.In 2005,China launched the work of marine economic accounting,which has made great progress in more than ten years.It is of great significance to make a deep comparative analysis of the two countries’marine economic accounting,which is significant to improve the work of marine economic accounting in China,to describe the operation of marine economy more accurately and to promote the high-quality development of marine economy.This paper introduces the development process,regional scope,industrial scope,accounting method,data source,data release and data results of the marine economic accounting between the United States and China in all aspects,and makes a detailed comparative analysis.It is found that although the research of American marine economic accounting started earlier,the accounting work of China’s marine GDP has developed rapidly.The data sources,accounting ideas and accounting methods of marine economic accounting are basically consistent between China and the United States,and the confidence of the research on marine economic accounting should be firmly determined.Compared with the United States,China has a more comprehensive scope of marine GDP accounting,a relatively perfect data release mechanism and high timeliness.However,the accounting of marine employment personnel in China needs to be improved,and the accounting method of marine GDP needs further improvement.