艾丁湖流域绿洲变化与地下水开发利用关系分析

Analysis on the Relationship between Groundwater Depth and Xerophyte Coverage in Aiding Lake Region

由于长期以来水资源开发活动日益增强,艾丁湖生态区入湖水量不断减少,湖面萎缩;区域土地沙化、沙漠化趋势未根本扭转;地下水位不断下降,生态、生活用水风险增大;陆生、水生物种消亡趋势加剧;干热风等灾害性天气呈不断增加趋势;沙尘、盐尘天气爆发风险不断累积增大,使得艾丁湖生态区生态压力不断增大,生态恶化趋势明显。基于高分辨率遥感影像、地理信息技术以及现场取样调查,分析了艾丁湖流域土地利用与植被覆盖度时空变化特征,探明了自然植被盖度退化情况。结果表明,天然植被的平均覆盖度在1976—1995年呈减小趋势,在1995—2010年呈增大趋势,在2010—2019年转为减小趋势;高盖度植被由南向北发生迁移;天然植被退化的主要原因是地下水埋深逐渐加大,且受不到山区的地表水补充,以及由于城乡工矿用地的扩张导致天然植被减少。

Due to the increasing disorderly activities of human beings,the amount of water entering the lake is decreasing and the lake surface is shrinking;the trend of regional land desertification and desertification has not been fundamentally reversed;the underground water level is continuously falling,the risk of ecological and domestic water use is increasing;the trend of terrestrial and aquatic biological plants is disappearing;the trend of dry hot wind and other disastrous weather is increasing;the risk of sand dust and salt dust weather outbreak is also increasing With the increasing accumulation,the ecological pressure of Aiding Lake ecological area is increasing,and the ecological deterioration trend is obvious.Based on high-resolution remote sensing images,geographic information technology and field sampling survey,the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of land use and vegetation coverage in Aiding Lake Basin were analyzed,and the statistical relationship between natural vegetation coverage change and groundwater depth was explored.The results show that the average coverage of natural vegetation decreased from 1976 to 1995,increased from 1995 to 2010,and decreased from^(2)010 to 2019.The high coverage vegetation migrated from south to north.The main reasons for the degradation of natural vegetation is the gradual increase of groundwater depth and the lack of surface water supplement in mountainous areas;and the expansion of industrial and mining land in urban and rural areas led to the reduction of natural vegetation.