博士生教育如何为非学术职业做准备:以美国科研训练经历拓展计划(BEST)为例

How Does Doctoral Education Prepare for Non-academic Career: A Case Study of BEST

在我国博士生教育规模持续扩张且毕业博士向非学术领域快速溢出的背景下,博士生教育面临学术培养范式与职业路径不匹配的问题,有必要在博士生培养过程中强化相关的职业发展支持,以促使其在更广泛的社会生产领域发挥知识领导力。美国国立卫生研究院发起的以促进生物医学博士职业发展多元化为主旨的博士生教育实践——科研训练经历拓展计划,其特点在于将博士培养与职业支持手段相融合。本文通过分析该案例的实施路径与特征,从人才培养质量评价、产教研相贯通的博士培养方式、博士生培养实验等方面为我国博士生教育改革提供参考。

Given the rapid expanding of doctorate holders who flock in non-academic trajectories,it shall be noticed that the unmatched problem existed between academic training norm and career path of graduates. Then,providing career supports to students is necessary,so that,they could be able to take leadership roles as contributors to the research-based knowledge relevant to their chosen careers. Since the summer of 2013,the National Institute of Health issued"Broadening Experiences in Scientific Training"(BEST)awards,as a complement to traditional Biomedical PhD training,to help students explore a variety of career pathway,and strengthen the ability of the institutions to sustain the future of Biomedical Doctorate Education. Here we describe the origins of the program,including the career bottlenecks encountered by biomedical PhD holders and challenges in PhD training. In addition,we catalyze the innovative practices of the BEST program and its impacts on PhD training over years,including training objective,training system,and learning resource. Based on that,we provide some insights for PhD training.