少数民族传统文化现代转化的规律与策略研究——以恩施土家“女儿会”为例

Laws and Strategies of the Modern Transformation of Traditional Ethnic Minority Culture——A Case Study of Enshi Tujia Girls’Gala

在文化产业大发展的背景下,探索有效的开发利用模式,实现文化资源的产业转化,既是发展我国特色文化产业的必然选择,也是文化传承与发展的必然需求。恩施土家“女儿会”是湖北恩施地区一种独特的节俗文化,其现代建构过程实际上就是其慢慢走上产业化道路的过程。借用布迪厄的“场域”—“资本”理论,对以恩施土家“女儿会”为代表的少数民族传统文化的产业转化给予系统分析,可发现其经历了现代建构的过程,表现在活动空间的移置、形式内容的重组、主体对象的变更、功能价值的增强四个方面,体现出由生活场域转向经济场域、文化资源转向文化资本的变迁规律。少数民族传统文化转化的主要策略有:以民族文化唤醒“集体记忆”,增强民族的凝聚力;以差异表征打造“独特产品”,实现文化的产业化。在转化中还应充分尊重少数民族文化的价值,避免经济诉求与文化本位的冲突。

Against the backdrop of the great development of cultural industry,the exploration of an effective exploitative modes and the realization of the industrial transformation of cultural resources has become both an inevitable choice in our development of a unique cultural industry and a necessary demand on our cultural inheritance and development.The modernization of Enshi Tujia girls’gala,a unique festival culture in Enshi area,Hubei Province,is actually the gradual process of industrialization.This work borrows Bourdieu’s“Field”-“Capital”theory and conducts a systematic analysis of the transformation of the traditional minority culture,taking Enshi Tujia girls’gala as a case study.The transformation has experienced a modern construction and it is displayed in four aspects,namely the displacement of activity space,the reconstruction of the form and content,the alteration of subjects,and the enhancement of functional values.They reflect the law of transformation from the field of life to that of economy,and from the cultural resources to cultural capitals.The main strategies for the transformation are as follows:to awaken the“collective memory”with the national culture to enhance the national cohesion;to create the unique products with different representations to achieve cultural industrialization.In the process of transformation,the national cultural values ought to be fully respected,in order to avoid conflicts between economic desires and the cultural basis.