从民间神祠到国家宫观:宋元时期武当山五龙宫的崛起

From a Folk Shrine to a National Palace:The Rise of the Five Dragon Palace of Mount Wudang during the Song and Yuan Dynasty

武当山五龙宫本来是一处用于求雨的民间神祠,南宋时期随着真武信仰的广泛传播,武当山的紫虚鸾坛开始创制道书以建立真武与武当山的密切联系,在这个过程中,五龙神祠也被安排进了与真武有关的神圣故事中,从而开始了它的崛起之路。元代以后,由于统治者对真武的信仰有增无减,五龙宫的道士主动将该宫设置成真武的专属道场。从此,该宫开始得到元皇室的青睐,并一跃变成为国祝祷的国家宫观。五龙宫的崛起,与真武信仰在宋代以后的传扬有着重要关系,也与武当山被塑造为真武信仰圣地的过程基本同步。

The Five Dragon Palace of Mount Wudang was originally a folk shrine for people petitioning for rain.With the wide spread of Zhenwu belief in the Southern Song Dynasty,it became famous after the monks of Zixu Altar made some holy books to show the sacred history of Zhenwu and Mount Wudang,which paved the way for the rise of the palace.After the Yuan Dynasty,as the rulers’belief in Zhenwu increased,the monks of the Five Dragon Palace changed the palace into a site for worshiping Zhenwu exclusively.From then on,the Five Dragon Palace began to be favored by the Yuan imperial family.The rise of the Five Dragon Palace has an important relationship with the spread of the Zhenwu belief after the Song Dynasty,and it is basically synchronized with the process of Mount Wudang being shaped as a sanctuary of the Zhenwu belief.