阐释的边界:自由与限制--中国古代诗学阐释思想给出的解答

The Boundary of Interpretation:Freedom and Limitation--Solution Given by Ancient Chinese Poetry Interpretation Thought

阐释的边界,从根本上说是对阐释的主体与客体关系的讨论。中国古代诗学阐释思想中“以意逆志”将阐释客体之“志”作为探求的根本目标,重视阐释客体的自在意义,而“诗无达诂”则在一定意义上破除了作品原意,强调阐释主体的开放理解。需要注意的是,“以意逆志”和“诗无达诂”虽然在阐释的主体与客体方面各有侧重,但并不是将阐释的主客体推向绝对对立的两极,而是在内部呈现出了一种融合、贯通、交叉的态势。自在的意义不能替代开放的理解,理解的自由不能超越合理的约束。“从变从义”,自由与限制——中国古代的诗学阐释理论与批评实践已经对“阐释的边界”这一问题给出了解答。

The boundary of interpretation is fundamentally a discussion of the relationship between the subject and the object——readers and poems.In the ancient Chinese poetry interpretation thought,“poem-centered theory”means that poems set a limitation for interpretation and readers need struggle to explore the hidden meaning of the poems,while“reader-centered theory”means that readers have the freedom to interpret the meanings of the poems and there is no invariant interpretations of the poems.It is worth noticing that although the two theories have different emphases,they show a situation of integration,penetration and overlap internally,instead of pushing the subject and object to the absolutely opposite poles.Its internal meaning cannot be over-interpreted,and freedom should know some limitation.The solution is dialectical unity of freedom and limitation.