牛黄古今来源探讨

Discussionon the Ancient and Modern Sources of Calculus Bovis

牛黄是我国传统的名贵中药,具有极高的药用价值,在诸多经典名方中均有应用,但常因药源匮乏难以满足临床用药需求。古人认为牛黄来自不同地区的牛中或牛的肝、胆等不同部位,而现行《中国药典》认为牛黄为黄牛的胆结石,与古代来源比较,牛黄药典来源缩小了牛种纳入标准,从而加剧牛黄资源稀缺,且来源描述中存在牛的中文名与拉丁学名不一致。因此,本文对牛黄古今来源进行探讨,建议修订《中国药典》牛黄来源,增加牛种胆结石纳入标准,以期缓解临床上牛黄短缺局面,促进牛黄临床应用。

Calculus bovis is a kind of traditional valuable Chinese medicine with high medicinal value.It is used in many classical prescriptions.However,it is difficult to meet the clinical needs due to the lack of supply.The ancients believed that calculus bovis came from different regions or from bovine different parts,such as livers and gallbladders,while the pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China specifies that calculus bovis is the gallstones of yellow cattle.Compared with the ancient sources of calculus bovis,the pharmacopoeia source has narrowed the inclusion criteria of cattle species.It aggravates the scarcity of calculus bovis resources.Moreover,the Chinese name of calculus bovis is different with its Latin name.Therefore,the ancient and modern sources of calculus bovis was discussed in this paper.It is suggested to revise the Chinese Pharmacopoeia sources of calculus bovis and increase the inclusion of gallstones of other cattle species into the criteria to alleviate its clinical situation and promote its clinical application.